Sipuleucel-T for the treatment of prostate cancer: novel insights and future directions.

Sipuleucel-T, an autologous cellular immunotherapy manufactured from antigen-presenting cells primed to recognize prostatic acid phosphatase, was the first immunotherapy product approved by the US FDA. It was approved for men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after it was shown to provide a survival advantage. Additional studies have examined its use in other clinical settings and in combination with other approved and investigational immunotherapy agents. This review will discuss the pivotal trials leading to approval, will outline some of the biomarkers associated with its efficacy and will review some of the ongoing combination strategies. Maximizing the efficacy of sipuleucel-T through better patient selection or through combination approaches remains the challenge of the future.