Ji-Young Lee1,2, Jong-Han Leem1,3, Hwan-Cheol Kim1,3, Dirga Kumar Lamichhane1, Seung-Sik Hwang1, Jeong-Hee Kim4, Myung-Sook Park1, Dal-Young Jung1, Jung-Keun Ko1, Ho-Jang Kwon5, Soo-Jong Hong6. 1. a Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine , Inha University , Incheon , Korea. 2. b Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Ewha Womans University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea. 3. c Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , College of Medicine, Inha University , Incheon , Korea. 4. d Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine , Inha University , Incheon , Korea. 5. e Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine , Dankook University , Cheonan , Korea. 6. f Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine , University of Ulsan , Seoul , Korea.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the role of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on susceptibility to asthma in children with past episodes of bronchiolitis. METHODS: The baseline data included 2,627 school children aged 6-14 years who had participated in the longitudinal follow-up survey of the Children's Health and Environmental Research of Korea. Lifetime wheezing, past episodes of bronchiolitis, and doctor-diagnosed asthma were evaluated using an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. We used generalized linear regression with binomial distribution to calculate the relative risk (RR) between TRAP, assessed by proximity to a main road and the total length of roads, and asthma. RESULTS: Compared with the subjects who had less than 100 m of road length within 200-m radius from their home, those with more than 500 m of road length had significantly increased odds for infantile bronchiolitis (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.42). Positive exposure-response relationships were found between residential proximity to the main road and asthma (aOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.05-3.06; <75 m vs. >700 m from a main road, P for the trend = 0.02). Closer residential proximity to the main road (<75 m) and bronchiolitis combined increased the risks of newly diagnosed asthma (adjusted RR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.07-12.26) compared with those without bronchiolitis and living ≥ 75 m away from the main road. CONCLUSIONS: TRAP appeared to be associated with an increased asthma among children with bronchiolitis, indicating the importance of modifying effects of bronchiolitis in asthma pathogenesis.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the role of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on susceptibility to asthma in children with past episodes of bronchiolitis. METHODS: The baseline data included 2,627 school children aged 6-14 years who had participated in the longitudinal follow-up survey of the Children's Health and Environmental Research of Korea. Lifetime wheezing, past episodes of bronchiolitis, and doctor-diagnosed asthma were evaluated using an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. We used generalized linear regression with binomial distribution to calculate the relative risk (RR) between TRAP, assessed by proximity to a main road and the total length of roads, and asthma. RESULTS: Compared with the subjects who had less than 100 m of road length within 200-m radius from their home, those with more than 500 m of road length had significantly increased odds for infantile bronchiolitis (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.42). Positive exposure-response relationships were found between residential proximity to the main road and asthma (aOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.05-3.06; <75 m vs. >700 m from a main road, P for the trend = 0.02). Closer residential proximity to the main road (<75 m) and bronchiolitis combined increased the risks of newly diagnosed asthma (adjusted RR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.07-12.26) compared with those without bronchiolitis and living ≥ 75 m away from the main road. CONCLUSIONS: TRAP appeared to be associated with an increased asthma among children with bronchiolitis, indicating the importance of modifying effects of bronchiolitis in asthma pathogenesis.
Entities:
Keywords:
Traffic-related air pollution; bronchiolitis; childhood asthma; children; cohort
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