Ezgi Mercan1,2, Makinna Oestreich1,2, David M Fisher1,2, Alexander C Allori1,2, Stephen P Beals1,2, Thomas D Samson1,2, Thomas J Sitzman1,2, Damir B Matic1,2, Babette S Siebold1,2, Raymond W Tse1,2. 1. Seattle, Wash.; Durham, N.C.; Phoenix, Ariz.; Hershey, Pa.; Cincinnati, Ohio; and Toronto and London, Ontario, Canada. 2. From the Division of Craniofacial and Plastic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, and the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington; the Americleft Task Force Surgeon Subgroup; the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital; the Barrow Cleft and Craniofacial Center; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; the Division of Plastic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children; and the Division of Plastic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Optimization of care to correct the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity is hampered by lack of objective measures to quantify preoperative severity and outcome. The purpose of this study was to develop a consensus standard of nasal appearance using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry; determine whether anthropometric measurements could be used to quantify severity and outcome; and determine whether preoperative severity predicts postoperative outcome. METHODS: The authors collected facial three-dimensional images of 100 subjects in three groups: 45 infants before cleft lip repair; the same 45 infants after cleft lip repair; and 45 children aged 8 to 10 years with previous repairs. Five additional age-matched unaffected control subjects were included in each group. Seven expert surgeons ranked images in each group according to nasal appearance. The rank sum score was used as consensus standard. Anthropometric analysis was performed on each image and compared to the rank sum score. Preoperative rank and anthropometric measurements were compared to postoperative rank. RESULTS: Interrater and intrarater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient, >0.76; Pearson correlation, >0.75) on each of the three image sets. Columellar angle, nostril width ratio, and lateral lip height ratio were highly correlated with preoperative severity and moderately correlated with postoperative nasal appearance. Postoperative outcome was associated with preoperative severity (rank and anthropometric measurement). CONCLUSIONS: Consensus ranking of preoperative severity and postoperative outcome can be achieved on three-dimensional images. Preoperative severity predicts postoperative outcomes. Columellar angle, nostril width ratio, and lateral lip height ratio are objective measures that correlate with consensus ratings by surgeons at multiple ages.
BACKGROUND: Optimization of care to correct the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity is hampered by lack of objective measures to quantify preoperative severity and outcome. The purpose of this study was to develop a consensus standard of nasal appearance using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry; determine whether anthropometric measurements could be used to quantify severity and outcome; and determine whether preoperative severity predicts postoperative outcome. METHODS: The authors collected facial three-dimensional images of 100 subjects in three groups: 45 infants before cleft lip repair; the same 45 infants after cleft lip repair; and 45 children aged 8 to 10 years with previous repairs. Five additional age-matched unaffected control subjects were included in each group. Seven expert surgeons ranked images in each group according to nasal appearance. The rank sum score was used as consensus standard. Anthropometric analysis was performed on each image and compared to the rank sum score. Preoperative rank and anthropometric measurements were compared to postoperative rank. RESULTS: Interrater and intrarater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient, >0.76; Pearson correlation, >0.75) on each of the three image sets. Columellar angle, nostril width ratio, and lateral lip height ratio were highly correlated with preoperative severity and moderately correlated with postoperative nasal appearance. Postoperative outcome was associated with preoperative severity (rank and anthropometric measurement). CONCLUSIONS: Consensus ranking of preoperative severity and postoperative outcome can be achieved on three-dimensional images. Preoperative severity predicts postoperative outcomes. Columellar angle, nostril width ratio, and lateral lip height ratio are objective measures that correlate with consensus ratings by surgeons at multiple ages.
Authors: Abdulrahman Takiddin; Mohammad Shaqfeh; Osman Boyaci; Erchin Serpedin; Mitchell A Stotland Journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open Date: 2022-01-18