Variations in the course of the superior gluteal artery in relation to the lumbosacral plexus.

The course of the superior gluteal artery (SGA) as it passes through the lumbosacral plexus is variable. The variations of the arterial course in relation to the lumbosacral plexus have focused on statistical analysis, and it is limited arterial diversity. In this study, we investigated the positional relation between the SGA and the furcal nerve (FN): guide to segmentation of the lumbosacral plexus, arising from the L4, ie, the contribution to the femoral nerve, obturator nerve, and lumbosacral trunk. We could classify the pathway of the SGA into three types based on its positional relation to the FN. The SGA courses under the ramus from which the FN originates (Type A), under the ramus one segment below the origin of the FN (Type B), or between the obturator nerve and the lumbosacral trunk (Type C). The SGA pathway in Types A and B showed a cranial or caudal shift along with cranial or caudal deviation of the FN. In summary, the variation in the SGA pathway was correlated with cranial or caudal shift of the FN. Our findings indicate that variations of the SGA pathway are associated not only with arterial transformation, but also with diversity of the lumbosacral plexus.