Brijesh Kumar Yadav1,2, Uday Krishnamurthy1,2, Sagar Buch3, Pavan Jella1, Edgar Hernandez-Andrade4,5, Lami Yeo4,5, Steven J Korzeniewski4,5,6, Anabela Trifan1, Sonia S Hassan4,5, E Mark Haacke1,2,3, Roberto Romero7,8,9,10, Jaladhar Neelavalli11. 1. Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA. 3. The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada. 4. Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women's Hospital, 3990 John R, 4 Brush, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. 7. Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women's Hospital, 3990 John R, 4 Brush, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. prbchiefstaff@med.wayne.edu. 8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. prbchiefstaff@med.wayne.edu. 9. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. prbchiefstaff@med.wayne.edu. 10. Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. prbchiefstaff@med.wayne.edu. 11. Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. jneelava@med.wayne.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the magnetic susceptibility, ∆χ v , as a surrogate marker of venous blood oxygen saturation, S v O 2, in second- and third-trimester normal human foetuses. METHODS: Thirty-six pregnant women, having a mean gestational age (GA) of 31 2/7 weeks, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) data from the foetal brain were acquired. ∆χ v of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was quantified using MR susceptometry from the intra-vascular phase measurements. Assuming the magnetic property of foetal blood, ∆χ do , is the same as that of adult blood, S v O 2 was derived from the measured Δχ v . The variation of ∆χ v and S v O 2, as a function of GA, was statistically evaluated. RESULTS: The mean ∆χ v in the SSS in the second-trimester (n = 8) and third-trimester foetuses (n = 28) was found to be 0.34± 0.06 ppm and 0.49 ±0.05 ppm, respectively. Correspondingly, the derived S v O 2 values were 69.4% ±3.27% and 62.6% ±3.25%. Although not statistically significant, an increasing trend (p = 0.08) in Δχ v and a decreasing trend (p = 0.22) in S v O 2 with respect to advancing gestation was observed. CONCLUSION: We report cerebral venous blood magnetic susceptibility and putative oxygen saturation in healthy human foetuses. Cerebral oxygen saturation in healthy human foetuses, despite a slight decreasing trend, does not change significantly with advancing gestation. KEY POINTS: • Cerebral venous magnetic susceptibility and oxygenation in human foetuses can be quantified. • Cerebral venous oxygenation was not different between second- and third-trimester foetuses. • Foetal cerebral venous oxygenation does not change significantly with advancing gestation.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the magnetic susceptibility, ∆χ v , as a surrogate marker of venous blood oxygen saturation, S v O 2, in second- and third-trimester normal human foetuses. METHODS: Thirty-six pregnant women, having a mean gestational age (GA) of 31 2/7 weeks, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) data from the foetal brain were acquired. ∆χ v of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was quantified using MR susceptometry from the intra-vascular phase measurements. Assuming the magnetic property of foetal blood, ∆χ do , is the same as that of adult blood, S v O 2 was derived from the measured Δχ v . The variation of ∆χ v and S v O 2, as a function of GA, was statistically evaluated. RESULTS: The mean ∆χ v in the SSS in the second-trimester (n = 8) and third-trimester foetuses (n = 28) was found to be 0.34± 0.06 ppm and 0.49 ±0.05 ppm, respectively. Correspondingly, the derived S v O 2 values were 69.4% ±3.27% and 62.6% ±3.25%. Although not statistically significant, an increasing trend (p = 0.08) in Δχ v and a decreasing trend (p = 0.22) in S v O 2 with respect to advancing gestation was observed. CONCLUSION: We report cerebral venous blood magnetic susceptibility and putative oxygen saturation in healthy human foetuses. Cerebral oxygen saturation in healthy human foetuses, despite a slight decreasing trend, does not change significantly with advancing gestation. KEY POINTS: • Cerebral venous magnetic susceptibility and oxygenation in human foetuses can be quantified. • Cerebral venous oxygenation was not different between second- and third-trimester foetuses. • Foetal cerebral venous oxygenation does not change significantly with advancing gestation.
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