Luca Pirracchio1, Aline Joos1, Nina Luder1, Anton Sculean1, Sigrun Eick2. 1. School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland. 2. School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland. sigrun.eick@zmk.unibe.ch.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the activity of two different taurolidine (TAU) gels in comparison with a 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on an ex vivo subgingival biofilm. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subgingival including supragingival biofilm samples from periodontitis patients were cultured for 10 days, before TAU 1% and TAU 3% gels and CHX gel were applied for 10 min and thereafter diluted with nutrient media to 10% for 50 min. One third of the samples were analyzed for bacterial counts, biofilm quantity, and biofilm metabolic activity. In the two other thirds, 90% of the nutrient media were replaced and biofilms were incubated for 23 h. The second third was analyzed in the same way as before. In the third part, patients' microorganisms were added again and incubated for additional 24 h to allow reformation of biofilm before proceeding to analysis. RESULTS: Decrease of bacterial counts in biofilms was highest following application of TAU 3% after 60 min (0.87 log10 cfu, corresponding 86.5%), 24 and 48 h (reformation of biofilms), respectively. All antimicrobials reduced biofilm quantity after 24 h (each p < 0.05) and following reformation of biofilms (each p < 0.01). Metabolic activity in biofilms was decreased at 60 min (each p < 0.05) and at 24 h (each p < 0.01) after application of TAU gels, while the activity of the reformed biofilm was lower after application of all evaluated antimicrobials (each p < 0.01) than in the control group (e.g., without exposure to antimicrobials). CONCLUSION: The antimicrobial activity of taurolidine gels clearly depends on its taurolidine concentration. A high concentrated taurolidine gel is equally active or even superior to 0.2% chlorhexidine gel. However, the activity of antimicrobials is limited in a complex established biofilm and underlines the pivotal role of mechanical biofilm disruption. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Within their limits, the data suggest that TAU 3% gel might represent a potential alternative to 0.2% chlorhexidine gel.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the activity of two different taurolidine (TAU) gels in comparison with a 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on an ex vivo subgingival biofilm. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subgingival including supragingival biofilm samples from periodontitispatients were cultured for 10 days, before TAU 1% and TAU 3% gels and CHX gel were applied for 10 min and thereafter diluted with nutrient media to 10% for 50 min. One third of the samples were analyzed for bacterial counts, biofilm quantity, and biofilm metabolic activity. In the two other thirds, 90% of the nutrient media were replaced and biofilms were incubated for 23 h. The second third was analyzed in the same way as before. In the third part, patients' microorganisms were added again and incubated for additional 24 h to allow reformation of biofilm before proceeding to analysis. RESULTS: Decrease of bacterial counts in biofilms was highest following application of TAU 3% after 60 min (0.87 log10 cfu, corresponding 86.5%), 24 and 48 h (reformation of biofilms), respectively. All antimicrobials reduced biofilm quantity after 24 h (each p < 0.05) and following reformation of biofilms (each p < 0.01). Metabolic activity in biofilms was decreased at 60 min (each p < 0.05) and at 24 h (each p < 0.01) after application of TAU gels, while the activity of the reformed biofilm was lower after application of all evaluated antimicrobials (each p < 0.01) than in the control group (e.g., without exposure to antimicrobials). CONCLUSION: The antimicrobial activity of taurolidine gels clearly depends on its taurolidine concentration. A high concentrated taurolidine gel is equally active or even superior to 0.2% chlorhexidine gel. However, the activity of antimicrobials is limited in a complex established biofilm and underlines the pivotal role of mechanical biofilm disruption. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Within their limits, the data suggest that TAU 3% gel might represent a potential alternative to 0.2% chlorhexidine gel.
Authors: Howard H Wang; Hsi-Ming Lee; Veena Raja; Wei Hou; Vincent J Iacono; Joseph Scaduto; Francis Johnson; Lorne M Golub; Ying Gu Journal: J Exp Pharmacol Date: 2019-01-23