Eun-Ok Im1, Soo Jin Lee2, Yun Hu3, Ching-Yu Cheng4, Atsumi Iikura5, Ayako Inohara4, Sarah Kim4, Yuko Hamajima6, Seon-Ae Yeo7, Eunice Chee8, Wonshik Chee4. 1. Duke University, School of Nursing, United States. Electronic address: eunim@nursing.upenn.edu. 2. Korea National Open University, School of Nursing, South Korea. Electronic address: syjlee@naver.com. 3. Duke University, School of Nursing, United States. Electronic address: yun.hu@duke.edu. 4. Duke University, School of Nursing, United States. 5. Korea National Open University, School of Nursing, South Korea. 6. Duke University, School of Nursing, United States; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States. Electronic address: yuko.hamajima@duke.edu. 7. Tsukuba University, Japan. Electronic address: syeo@email.unc.edu. 8. Duke University, School of Nursing, United States; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With an increasing number of racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S., nursing research frequently involves the use of multiple languages, especially to promote the understanding of educational materials related to nursing care. Furthermore, with a recent emphasis on innovation in health-related research, the use of technology is prominent in nursing research. However, practical issues in the use of multiple languages, especially in technology-based intervention studies, have rarely been reported and/or discussed in nursing literature. The purpose of this paper is to identify practical issues in conducting a technology-based intervention study using multiple languages among Asian American breast cancer survivors. METHODS: In a large-scale technology-based breast cancer intervention study, research team members wrote memos on issues in translation process and plausible reasons for the issues. Then, the memos and written records were analyzed using a content analysis. By using individual words as the unit of analysis, line-by-line coding was done, and idea categories representing practical issues were extracted from the codes. RESULTS: Six themes representing the practical issues were extracted. Issues were found in recruiting and retaining bilingual research team members; maintaining consistency in translation process; keeping cultural and conceptual equivalence; repeating IRB protocol modifications; finding and using existing translated versions; and arranging technological aspects related to electronic multiple-language versions. CONCLUSION: The use of multiple languages in a technology-based intervention study is feasible. However, it is necessary to effectively manage unforeseen challenges through various strategies.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With an increasing number of racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S., nursing research frequently involves the use of multiple languages, especially to promote the understanding of educational materials related to nursing care. Furthermore, with a recent emphasis on innovation in health-related research, the use of technology is prominent in nursing research. However, practical issues in the use of multiple languages, especially in technology-based intervention studies, have rarely been reported and/or discussed in nursing literature. The purpose of this paper is to identify practical issues in conducting a technology-based intervention study using multiple languages among Asian American breast cancer survivors. METHODS: In a large-scale technology-based breast cancer intervention study, research team members wrote memos on issues in translation process and plausible reasons for the issues. Then, the memos and written records were analyzed using a content analysis. By using individual words as the unit of analysis, line-by-line coding was done, and idea categories representing practical issues were extracted from the codes. RESULTS: Six themes representing the practical issues were extracted. Issues were found in recruiting and retaining bilingual research team members; maintaining consistency in translation process; keeping cultural and conceptual equivalence; repeating IRB protocol modifications; finding and using existing translated versions; and arranging technological aspects related to electronic multiple-language versions. CONCLUSION: The use of multiple languages in a technology-based intervention study is feasible. However, it is necessary to effectively manage unforeseen challenges through various strategies.
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