Antti I Koivusalo1, Risto J Rintala2, Mikko P Pakarinen2. 1. Children's Hospital, Section of Paediatric Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: antti.koivusalo@hus.fi. 2. Children's Hospital, Section of Paediatric Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY: Conservative management of gastrooesophageal reflux (GORD) in oesophageal atresia (OA) is sometimes inefficient, and fundoplication is required. We assessed the outcomes of fundoplication among OA patients from 1980 to 2016. METHODS: After ethical consent, hospital records of 290 patients, including 22 referred patients, were reviewed. Included were 262 patients with end-to-end repair. Excluded were patients who underwent oesophageal reconstruction (n=23) or no repair (n=5). Primary outcome measures included survival, retaining the native oesophagus, resolution of GGORD symptoms, failure of fundoplication, and long-term endoscopic results. MAIN RESULTS: Gross types of OA in 262 patients were A (n=12), B (n=2), C (n=217), D (n=10), E (n=19), and F (n=2). Eighty-six (33%) patients, type A (n=12, 100%), B (n=2, 100%), C (n=69, 31%), D (n=3, 30%), and F (n=1, 50%), underwent fundoplication at the median age of 5.4 (IQR 3.1-16) months. Main indications included recalcitrant anastomotic stenosis (RAS) in 41 (48%), respiratory symptoms in 16 (19%), and acute life threatening events (ALTE) in 15 (17%) of patients. Associated tracheomalacia in 25 (29%) patients were treated with aortopexy. Median follow-up was 7.5 (IQR 1.8-15) years. RAS resolved in 30 (73%) patients, whereas 11 (27%) with unresolved RAS underwent oesophageal resection (n=8) or replacement (n=3). Six (7%) patients died of heart failure (n=4), bolus impaction (n=1), and ALTE (n=1). Fundoplication failed in 27 (31%) patients, and 13 (15%) underwent redo fundoplication. Fundoplication failure was predicted by long-gap OA RR=3.8 (95%CI=1.1-13), P=0.04. In total GORD associated symptoms persisted in 7 (8%) patients, including one with permanent feeding jejunostomy. Latest endoscopy showed moderate or severe oesophagitis in 7% of fundoplicated and in 3% nonfundoplicated patients and intestinal metaplasia in 3% and 1% (p=0.20-0.29). CONCLUSION: Fundoplication provided a safe and relatively effective control of OA associated symptomatic GORD and oesophagitis. The failure rate of fundoplication was high in those with long-gap OA. TYPE OF STUDY: Treatment study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
AIM OF THE STUDY: Conservative management of gastrooesophageal reflux (GORD) in oesophageal atresia (OA) is sometimes inefficient, and fundoplication is required. We assessed the outcomes of fundoplication among OA patients from 1980 to 2016. METHODS: After ethical consent, hospital records of 290 patients, including 22 referred patients, were reviewed. Included were 262 patients with end-to-end repair. Excluded were patients who underwent oesophageal reconstruction (n=23) or no repair (n=5). Primary outcome measures included survival, retaining the native oesophagus, resolution of GGORD symptoms, failure of fundoplication, and long-term endoscopic results. MAIN RESULTS: Gross types of OA in 262 patients were A (n=12), B (n=2), C (n=217), D (n=10), E (n=19), and F (n=2). Eighty-six (33%) patients, type A (n=12, 100%), B (n=2, 100%), C (n=69, 31%), D (n=3, 30%), and F (n=1, 50%), underwent fundoplication at the median age of 5.4 (IQR 3.1-16) months. Main indications included recalcitrant anastomotic stenosis (RAS) in 41 (48%), respiratory symptoms in 16 (19%), and acute life threatening events (ALTE) in 15 (17%) of patients. Associated tracheomalacia in 25 (29%) patients were treated with aortopexy. Median follow-up was 7.5 (IQR 1.8-15) years. RAS resolved in 30 (73%) patients, whereas 11 (27%) with unresolved RAS underwent oesophageal resection (n=8) or replacement (n=3). Six (7%) patients died of heart failure (n=4), bolus impaction (n=1), and ALTE (n=1). Fundoplication failed in 27 (31%) patients, and 13 (15%) underwent redo fundoplication. Fundoplication failure was predicted by long-gap OA RR=3.8 (95%CI=1.1-13), P=0.04. In total GORD associated symptoms persisted in 7 (8%) patients, including one with permanent feeding jejunostomy. Latest endoscopy showed moderate or severe oesophagitis in 7% of fundoplicated and in 3% nonfundoplicated patients and intestinal metaplasia in 3% and 1% (p=0.20-0.29). CONCLUSION: Fundoplication provided a safe and relatively effective control of OA associated symptomatic GORD and oesophagitis. The failure rate of fundoplication was high in those with long-gap OA. TYPE OF STUDY: Treatment study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
Authors: Marinde van Lennep; Eric Chung; Ashish Jiwane; Rajendra Saoji; Ramon R Gorter; Marc A Benninga; Usha Krishnan; Michiel P van Wijk Journal: Dis Esophagus Date: 2022-10-14 Impact factor: 2.822
Authors: Chantal A Ten Kate; Annelies de Klein; Bianca M de Graaf; Michail Doukas; Antti Koivusalo; Mikko P Pakarinen; Robert van der Helm; Tom Brands; Hanneke IJsselstijn; Yolande van Bever; René M H Wijnen; Manon C W Spaander; Erwin Brosens Journal: Cancers (Basel) Date: 2022-01-20 Impact factor: 6.639