Mathias Holm1, Linus Schiöler2, Eva Andersson2, Bertil Forsberg3, Thorarinn Gislason4, Christer Janson5, Rain Jogi6, Vivi Schlünssen7, Cecilie Svanes8, Kjell Torén9. 1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: mathias.holm@amm.gu.se. 2. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. 3. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. 4. Medical Faculty, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. 5. Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 6. Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia. 7. Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark. 8. Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 9. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are few studies on predictors of smoking cessation in general populations. We studied the smoking cessation rate in relation to several potential predictors, with special focus on respiratory and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Smokers (n = 4636) from seven centres in Northern Europe, born between 1945 and 1973, who answered a questionnaire in 1999-2001 (the RHINE study) were followed up with a new questionnaire in 2010-2012. Altogether 2564 answered the questionnaire and provided complete data on smoking. Cox regression analyses were performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS: A total of 999 subjects (39%) stopped smoking during the study period. The smoking cessation rate was 44.9/1000 person-years. Smoking cessation was more common with increasing age, higher education and fewer years of smoking. Asthma, wheeze, hay fever, chronic bronchitis, diabetes and hypertension did not significantly predict smoking cessation, but smokers hospitalized for ischaemic heart disease during the study period were more prone to stopping smoking (HR 3.75 [2.62-5.37]). CONCLUSIONS: Successful smoking cessation is common in middle-aged smokers, and is associated with few smoking years and higher education. A diagnosis of respiratory disease does not appear to motivate people to quit smoking, nor do known cardiovascular risk factors; however, an acute episode of ischaemic heart disease encouraged smoking cessation in our study population.
BACKGROUND: There are few studies on predictors of smoking cessation in general populations. We studied the smoking cessation rate in relation to several potential predictors, with special focus on respiratory and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Smokers (n = 4636) from seven centres in Northern Europe, born between 1945 and 1973, who answered a questionnaire in 1999-2001 (the RHINE study) were followed up with a new questionnaire in 2010-2012. Altogether 2564 answered the questionnaire and provided complete data on smoking. Cox regression analyses were performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS: A total of 999 subjects (39%) stopped smoking during the study period. The smoking cessation rate was 44.9/1000 person-years. Smoking cessation was more common with increasing age, higher education and fewer years of smoking. Asthma, wheeze, hay fever, chronic bronchitis, diabetes and hypertension did not significantly predict smoking cessation, but smokers hospitalized for ischaemic heart disease during the study period were more prone to stopping smoking (HR 3.75 [2.62-5.37]). CONCLUSIONS: Successful smoking cessation is common in middle-aged smokers, and is associated with few smoking years and higher education. A diagnosis of respiratory disease does not appear to motivate people to quit smoking, nor do known cardiovascular risk factors; however, an acute episode of ischaemic heart disease encouraged smoking cessation in our study population.
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