New anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation: what the future holds.

INTRODUCTION: The field of anticoagulation has seen impressive progress over the last decade. The introduction of the Non Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) has revolutionized practice surrounding thromboprophylaxis, treatment of thromboembolic disease and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the search for the 'holy grail' of anticoagulation, an agent that combines optimal efficacy with minimal bleeding diathesis, continues. AREAS COVERED: In this paper we aim to summarize the current evidence from pre-clinical studies and early phase clinical trials, presenting the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties as well as the safety and efficacy profiles of the most important antithrombotic agents in development. EXPERT OPINION: Research focused on the development of new anticoagulation agents is rapidly expanding. Although the exploration of antithrombotic agents that act on well-established targets such factor Xa and thrombin remains the mainstay, attention has also shifted to other factors in the coagulation cascade. The evidence emerging from clinical research is growing, generating exciting possibilities in the field of anticoagulation.