Q Z Han1, Y Chen, H Yang, X F Zhang, J Chen, D P Wu, S N Chen, H Y Qiu1. 1. Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center, Suzhou 215006, China.
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the incidence and microbiological features of blood stream infections (BSI) of patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to provide laboratory data for empirical use of antibiotic for the HSCT patients with BSI. Methods: The incidence of bloodstream infection, the positive rate of blood culture, bacterial spectrum and drug resistance were analyzed in 1 265 HSCT recipients during 2013 and 2015 were retrospectively studied. Results: Of 1265 patients undergoing HSCT, 1 422 cases of suspected BSI occurred in 784 patients (61.98%) , and 464 patients (59.2%) were in the stage of agranulocytosis (ANC<0.5×10(9)/L) . The detection rate of pathogens in 2013-2015 was about 20% and increase year after year. Of the 401 strains detected, 221 were Gram-negative (G(-)) bacteria (55.1%) , 165 Gram-positive (G(+)) bacteria (41.2%) and 15 fungi (3.7%) . Escherichia coli (16.0%) , Staphylococcus epidermidis (15.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.2%) were listed the top three. The proportion of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter Bauman and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was 64.70% and 63.64% respectively, and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was more than half (57.14%) . The ratio of vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) and carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) was 14.29% and 6.78% respectively. More than 40% Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were resistant to three or four generation cephalosporin antibiotics, and less were resistant to the carbapenems (6.4%) . However, many non-fermentating bacteria were highly resistant to these antibiotics and showed diversity among different strains, with a rate of 47.8% resistance to carbapenems. All the Staphylococcus were sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. Conclusions: The incidence of BSI in patients with HSCT was high, and the pathogens were mainly G(-) bacteria. In addition to Enterobacteriaceae, the proportion of non-fermentative bacteria was quite high. No Staphylococcus detected were resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid.
Objective: To analyze the incidence and microbiological features of blood stream infections (BSI) of patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to provide laboratory data for empirical use of antibiotic for the HSCT patients with BSI. Methods: The incidence of bloodstream infection, the positive rate of blood culture, bacterial spectrum and drug resistance were analyzed in 1 265 HSCT recipients during 2013 and 2015 were retrospectively studied. Results: Of 1265 patients undergoing HSCT, 1 422 cases of suspected BSI occurred in 784 patients (61.98%) , and 464 patients (59.2%) were in the stage of agranulocytosis (ANC<0.5×10(9)/L) . The detection rate of pathogens in 2013-2015 was about 20% and increase year after year. Of the 401 strains detected, 221 were Gram-negative (G(-)) bacteria (55.1%) , 165 Gram-positive (G(+)) bacteria (41.2%) and 15 fungi (3.7%) . Escherichia coli (16.0%) , Staphylococcus epidermidis (15.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.2%) were listed the top three. The proportion of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter Bauman and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was 64.70% and 63.64% respectively, and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was more than half (57.14%) . The ratio of vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) and carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) was 14.29% and 6.78% respectively. More than 40% Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were resistant to three or four generation cephalosporin antibiotics, and less were resistant to the carbapenems (6.4%) . However, many non-fermentating bacteria were highly resistant to these antibiotics and showed diversity among different strains, with a rate of 47.8% resistance to carbapenems. All the Staphylococcus were sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. Conclusions: The incidence of BSI in patients with HSCT was high, and the pathogens were mainly G(-) bacteria. In addition to Enterobacteriaceae, the proportion of non-fermentative bacteria was quite high. No Staphylococcus detected were resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid.
Entities:
Keywords:
Blood stream infection; Drug resistance; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
1.病例资料:2013–2015年在苏州大学附属第一医院行HSCT患者共1 265例,其中男691例,女574例,中位年龄36(5~67)岁。急性白血病708例,慢性白血病49例,再生障碍性贫血113例(重型再生障碍性贫血90例),恶性淋巴瘤167例,骨髓增生异常综合征107例,多发性骨髓瘤86例,阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症6例,其他29例。2.移植方式:自体移植246例,异基因移植1 019例。供者来源包括,同胞全相合344例,亲缘不全相合466例,无关供者193例,脐血8例,其他8例。3.预处理方案:对白血病、淋巴瘤及骨髓增生异常综合征患者采用经典或改良白消安/环磷酰胺(Bu/Cy)患者或白消安/氟达拉滨(Bu/Flu)预处理方案,对再生障碍性贫血患者采用Cy+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)方案,对多发性骨髓瘤患者采用氟达拉滨/美法仑(Flu/Mel)或Mel方案。4.造血重建:粒细胞重建定义为连续3 d ANC>0.5×109/L;血小板重建定义为脱离血小板输注情况下,连续7 d PLT>20×109/L。90%以上的患者达到以上重建标准d。5.抗感染预防及治疗策略:患者从预处理开始至ANC ≥ 1.0×109/L,常规进行抗感染预防,以青霉素类、β内酰胺酶类、喹诺酮类抗生素预防细菌感染,伊曲康唑预防真菌感染。发生血流感染后,根据病原学诊断结果及WBC、降钙素原、1,3-β-D葡聚糖检测(G试验)、半乳糖甘露醇聚糖抗原检测(GM试验)等进行综合判断,调整抗感染治疗策略。6.细菌培养鉴定和药敏实验:采用VITEK2 Compact细菌鉴定仪(法国biomerieux公司产品)结合手工生化反应进行菌种鉴定。以下情况视为血培养阳性,检出可疑血流感染病原菌:①同时送检的几瓶血培养中,有两瓶及以上检出同一种病原菌;②仅一瓶检出除凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌和革兰阳性棒状杆菌以外的其他病原菌。采用KB纸片扩散法进行细菌的药敏实验,参照美国临床和实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)颁布的标准进行药敏结果判定。
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