Ki-Chul Sung1, Seungho Ryu2, Joo-Wook Sung3, Yong Bum Kim4, Yu Sam Won5, Dong Sik Cho6, Sun H Kim7, Alice Liu7. 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: kcmd.sung@samsung.com. 2. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 3. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 4. Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 5. Neurosurgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong Teun Teun Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. 7. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: While inflammation is associated with obesity and insulin resistance, their inter-relationships in the development of type 2 diabetes or hypertension are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate inflammatory markers in prediction of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. METHODS: The study population of this retrospective cohort study consisted of individuals who participated in a comprehensive health screening program with measurement of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein from 2002-2010 (N = 96,606) in nondiabetic and normotensive Koreans. Median follow up time were 3.7 years for incident type 2 diabetes and 3.3 years for hypertension. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to assess risk for type 2 diabetes or hypertension by white blood cell or C-reactive protein quartiles with adjustment of various possible confounding factors including insulin resistance. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 1448 (1.5%) developed type 2 diabetes and 10,405 (10.8%) developed hypertension. Among men, comparison of adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for incident type 2 diabetes in the highest versus lowest white blood cell or C-reactive protein quartiles were 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-1.83] and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.07-1.57), respectively. Among women, white blood cell but not C-reactive protein was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes [HR 1.79 (95% CI 1.24-2.57)]. White blood cell and C-reactive protein quartiles were also modestly associated with incident hypertension in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Although white blood cell and C-reactive protein are associated with adiposity and insulin resistance, these inflammatory markers also independently predict type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension.
BACKGROUND: While inflammation is associated with obesity and insulin resistance, their inter-relationships in the development of type 2 diabetes or hypertension are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate inflammatory markers in prediction of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. METHODS: The study population of this retrospective cohort study consisted of individuals who participated in a comprehensive health screening program with measurement of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein from 2002-2010 (N = 96,606) in nondiabetic and normotensive Koreans. Median follow up time were 3.7 years for incident type 2 diabetes and 3.3 years for hypertension. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to assess risk for type 2 diabetes or hypertension by white blood cell or C-reactive protein quartiles with adjustment of various possible confounding factors including insulin resistance. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 1448 (1.5%) developed type 2 diabetes and 10,405 (10.8%) developed hypertension. Among men, comparison of adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for incident type 2 diabetes in the highest versus lowest white blood cell or C-reactive protein quartiles were 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-1.83] and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.07-1.57), respectively. Among women, white blood cell but not C-reactive protein was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes [HR 1.79 (95% CI 1.24-2.57)]. White blood cell and C-reactive protein quartiles were also modestly associated with incident hypertension in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Although white blood cell and C-reactive protein are associated with adiposity and insulin resistance, these inflammatory markers also independently predict type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension.
Authors: Cheolgyun Park; Youjin Kim; Chanhee Lee; Ji Yeon Kim; Oran Kwon; Taesung Park Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2022-09-08 Impact factor: 4.135