Eun Mi Jung1, Eun Mee Kim2, Minah Kang3, Fiona Goldizen4, Fiona Gore5, Marie Noel Brune Drisse5, Eun Hee Ha6. 1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ewha Global Health Institute for Girls, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Ewha Global Health Institute for Girls, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of International Studies, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of International Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Ewha Global Health Institute for Girls, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Administration, Ewha Womans University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 4. Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 5. Public Health, Environment and Social Determinant of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 6. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ewha Global Health Institute for Girls, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: eunheeha@ewha.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Given that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia still have high child mortality rates, improved monitoring using children's environmental health indicators (CEHI) may help reduce preventable deaths by creating healthy environments. OBJECTIVES: Thus, the aim of this study is to build a set of targeted CEHI that can be applied in LMICs in Asia through the CEHI initiative using a common conceptual framework. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify the most frequently used framework for developing CEHI. Due to the limited number of eligible records, a hand search of the reference lists and an extended search of Google Scholar were also performed. Based on our findings, we designed a set of targeted CEHI to address the children's environmental health situation in LMICs in Asia. The Delphi method was then adopted to assess the relevance, appropriateness, and feasibility of the targeted CEHI. FINDINGS: The systematic review indicated that the Driving-Pressure-State-Exposure-Effect-Action framework and the Multiple-Exposures-Multiple-Effects model were the most common conceptual frameworks for developing CEHI. The Multiple-Exposures-Multiple-Effects model was adopted, given that its population of interest is children and its emphasis on the many-to-many relationship. Our review also showed that most of the previous studies covered upper-middle- or high-income countries. The Delphi results validated the targeted CEHI. The targeted CEHI were further specified by age group, gender, and place of residence (urban/rural) to enhance measurability. CONCLUSIONS: Improved monitoring systems of children's environmental health using the targeted CEHI may mitigate the data gap and enhance the quality of data in LMICs in Asia. Furthermore, critical information on the complex interaction between the environment and children's health using the CEHI will help establish a regional environmental children's health action plan, named "The Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Asia."
BACKGROUND: Given that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia still have high child mortality rates, improved monitoring using children's environmental health indicators (CEHI) may help reduce preventable deaths by creating healthy environments. OBJECTIVES: Thus, the aim of this study is to build a set of targeted CEHI that can be applied in LMICs in Asia through the CEHI initiative using a common conceptual framework. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify the most frequently used framework for developing CEHI. Due to the limited number of eligible records, a hand search of the reference lists and an extended search of Google Scholar were also performed. Based on our findings, we designed a set of targeted CEHI to address the children's environmental health situation in LMICs in Asia. The Delphi method was then adopted to assess the relevance, appropriateness, and feasibility of the targeted CEHI. FINDINGS: The systematic review indicated that the Driving-Pressure-State-Exposure-Effect-Action framework and the Multiple-Exposures-Multiple-Effects model were the most common conceptual frameworks for developing CEHI. The Multiple-Exposures-Multiple-Effects model was adopted, given that its population of interest is children and its emphasis on the many-to-many relationship. Our review also showed that most of the previous studies covered upper-middle- or high-income countries. The Delphi results validated the targeted CEHI. The targeted CEHI were further specified by age group, gender, and place of residence (urban/rural) to enhance measurability. CONCLUSIONS: Improved monitoring systems of children's environmental health using the targeted CEHI may mitigate the data gap and enhance the quality of data in LMICs in Asia. Furthermore, critical information on the complex interaction between the environment and children's health using the CEHI will help establish a regional environmental children's health action plan, named "The Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Asia."
Authors: Mohammad Maroosi; Alireza Mesdaghinia; Mahmood Alimohammadi; Kazem Naddafi; Amir Hossein Mahvi; Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi Journal: J Environ Health Sci Eng Date: 2019-05-27
Authors: Eun Mi Jung; Paul Jagals; Claire Brereton; Peter D Sly; Rokho Kim; Eun Mee Kim; Eun Hee Ha Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-07-03 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Claire Brereton; Amelia Turagabeci; Donald Wilson; Peter D Sly; Paul Jagals Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-07-03 Impact factor: 3.390