Kathryn Garcia1, Diego Jaramillo2, Erika Rubesova3. 1. Department of Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, 725 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. 2. Department of Radiology, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA. 3. Department of Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, 725 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. rubesova@stanford.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The impact of high-intensity, repetitive training on the fingers of adolescent climbers is relatively unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate this effect by ultrasound (US) and to confirm some findings by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The US study was performed in 20 adolescent rock climbers (ages 10-17 years) and 6 non-climbing controls (ages 11-15 years). US was used to examine the third digit of the right hand for differences in thickness of soft tissue, flexor and extensor tendon, volar plate and bony and growth plate adaptations. In four climbers with finger deformity or pain, 3-T MR images were compared with US findings. Number of hours/week and years of climbing were used to group climbers in three levels (3=most intense training). Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared with non-climbing controls, climbers demonstrated significantly thicker flexor tendons, volar plates and soft tissues. Joint effusions were found in 13/19 (68%) climbers. Significant phalangeal malalignment was seen in 10/19 (53%) climbers. Growth plate deformities were identified in three level 3 climbers. US findings correlated with MRI for effusions, phalangeal growth plate injury, malalignment and adaptive changes. MRI additional showed capsule rupture (n=1), stress fracture (n=1) and phalangeal physeal stress injury (n=1). CONCLUSION: Competitive rock climbing results in physiological adaptations in the fingers, an example being significant soft-tissue hypertrophy of the flexor. US demonstrated several non-physiological changes in response to repetitive stress in half of the climbers. MRI showed additional stress injuries to the growth plate, joints and bone.
BACKGROUND: The impact of high-intensity, repetitive training on the fingers of adolescent climbers is relatively unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate this effect by ultrasound (US) and to confirm some findings by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The US study was performed in 20 adolescent rock climbers (ages 10-17 years) and 6 non-climbing controls (ages 11-15 years). US was used to examine the third digit of the right hand for differences in thickness of soft tissue, flexor and extensor tendon, volar plate and bony and growth plate adaptations. In four climbers with finger deformity or pain, 3-T MR images were compared with US findings. Number of hours/week and years of climbing were used to group climbers in three levels (3=most intense training). Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared with non-climbing controls, climbers demonstrated significantly thicker flexor tendons, volar plates and soft tissues. Joint effusions were found in 13/19 (68%) climbers. Significant phalangeal malalignment was seen in 10/19 (53%) climbers. Growth plate deformities were identified in three level 3 climbers. US findings correlated with MRI for effusions, phalangeal growth plate injury, malalignment and adaptive changes. MRI additional showed capsule rupture (n=1), stress fracture (n=1) and phalangeal physeal stress injury (n=1). CONCLUSION: Competitive rock climbing results in physiological adaptations in the fingers, an example being significant soft-tissue hypertrophy of the flexor. US demonstrated several non-physiological changes in response to repetitive stress in half of the climbers. MRI showed additional stress injuries to the growth plate, joints and bone.
Entities:
Keywords:
Adolescents; Fingers; Magnetic resonance imaging; Overuse injury; Rock climbing; Ultrasound
Authors: C L Piccolo; M Galluzzo; S Ianniello; M Trinci; A Russo; E Rossi; M Zeccolini; A Laporta; G Guglielmi; V Miele Journal: Musculoskelet Surg Date: 2017-02-02