Yohannes Adama Melaku1, Sarah L Appleton2, Tiffany K Gill3, Felix A Ogbo4, Elizabeth Buckley5, Zumin Shi3, Tim Driscoll6, Robert Adams7, Benjamin C Cowie8, Christina Fitzmaurice9. 1. Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: adamayohannes@gmail.com. 2. The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campus, Woodville, South Australia, Australia; Freemason's Centre for Men's Health, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 3. Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. 4. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia. 5. School of Population Health, Samson Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. 6. Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 7. The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campus, Woodville, South Australia, Australia. 8. WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia. 9. Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Comparative evidence on the burden, trend, and risk factors of cancer is limited. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we aimed to assess cancer burden - incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) - and attributable risk factors for Australia between 1990 and 2015, and to compare them with those of 34 members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). METHODS: The general GBD cancer estimation methods were used with data input from vital registration systems and cancer registries. A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the population-attributable fractions due to risk factors. RESULTS: In 2015 there were 198,880 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 183,908-217,365) estimated incident cancer cases and 47,562 (95% UI: 46,061-49,004) cancer deaths in Australia. Twenty-nine percent (95% UI: 28.2-29.8) of total deaths and 17.0% (95% UI: 15.0-19.1) of DALYs were caused by cancer in Australia in 2015. Cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung, colon and rectum, and prostate were the most common causes of cancer deaths. Thirty-six percent (95% UI: 33.1-37.9) of all cancer deaths were attributable to behavioral risks. The age-standardized cancer incidence rate (ASIR) increased between 1990 and 2015, while the age-standardized cancer death rate (ASDR) decreased over the same period. In 2015, compared to 34 other OECD countries Australia ranked first (highest) and 24th based on ASIR and ASDR, respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of cancer has increased over 25 years, and behavioral risks are responsible for a large proportion of cancer deaths. Scaling up of prevention (using strategies targeting cancer risk factors), early detection, and treatment of cancer is required to effectively address this growing health challenge.
BACKGROUND: Comparative evidence on the burden, trend, and risk factors of cancer is limited. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we aimed to assess cancer burden - incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) - and attributable risk factors for Australia between 1990 and 2015, and to compare them with those of 34 members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). METHODS: The general GBD cancer estimation methods were used with data input from vital registration systems and cancer registries. A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the population-attributable fractions due to risk factors. RESULTS: In 2015 there were 198,880 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 183,908-217,365) estimated incident cancer cases and 47,562 (95% UI: 46,061-49,004) cancer deaths in Australia. Twenty-nine percent (95% UI: 28.2-29.8) of total deaths and 17.0% (95% UI: 15.0-19.1) of DALYs were caused by cancer in Australia in 2015. Cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung, colon and rectum, and prostate were the most common causes of cancer deaths. Thirty-six percent (95% UI: 33.1-37.9) of all cancer deaths were attributable to behavioral risks. The age-standardized cancer incidence rate (ASIR) increased between 1990 and 2015, while the age-standardized cancer death rate (ASDR) decreased over the same period. In 2015, compared to 34 other OECD countries Australia ranked first (highest) and 24th based on ASIR and ASDR, respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of cancer has increased over 25 years, and behavioral risks are responsible for a large proportion of cancer deaths. Scaling up of prevention (using strategies targeting cancer risk factors), early detection, and treatment of cancer is required to effectively address this growing health challenge.
Authors: Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Pascal Ogeleka; Anselm Okoro; Bolajoko O Olusanya; Jacob Olusanya; Ifegwu K Ifegwu; Akorede O Awosemo; John Eastwood; Andrew Page Journal: Trop Med Health Date: 2018-09-25
Authors: Jacopo Garlasco; Mario Cesare Nurchis; Valerio Bordino; Martina Sapienza; Gerardo Altamura; Gianfranco Damiani; Maria Michela Gianino Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-04-16 Impact factor: 4.614
Authors: Eleonora Feletto; Ankur Kohar; David Mizrahi; Paul Grogan; Julia Steinberg; Clare Hughes; Wendy L Watson; Karen Canfell; Xue Qin Yu Journal: Lancet Reg Health West Pac Date: 2022-09-06
Authors: Anselm Okoro; Bolajoko O Olusanya; Jacob Olusanya; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Ifegwu K Ifegwu; Akorede O Awosemo; Pascal Ogeleka; Andrew Page Journal: Int Breastfeed J Date: 2019-01-09 Impact factor: 3.461