Sample preparation for polar metabolites in bioanalysis.

Sample preparation is a primary step of any bioanalytical workflow, especially in metabolomics analysis where maximum information has to be obtained without spoiling the analytical instrument. Because of their biological implication, highly polar metabolites, such as amino acids, nucleobases, and catecholamines seem to attract growing interest in the field of comprehensive metabolomics analysis although their extraction from the matrix remains a real challenge. In this paper, we discuss about the actual practice and issues of hydrophilic metabolites' extraction, including new solutions and perspectives to improve their phase transfer from a complex biological sample to a clean extract prior to analysis.