NaNa Keum1,2,3, Kyoung Hwa Ha4, Ying Bao5, Moon Jae Chung6, Hyeon Chang Kim7, Edward L Giovannucci1,5,8,9. 1. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 2. Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea. 4. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea. 5. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 7. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. hckim@yuhs.ac. 8. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 9. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whether type 2 diabetes is cause or consequence, or both, of pancreatic cancer (PaC) remains unresolved. Leveraging repeated measurements of fasting blood glucose (FBG), we examined the temporal relationship between hyperglycemia and PaC incidence. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of 278 cases and 826 matched-controls from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. Over 11 years before index date (date of PaC diagnosis for cases), all participants had at least one FBG measurement in each of the three time windows: - 11 to - 8, - 7 to - 4, and - 3 to 0 years. Using conditional logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios(ORs) of PaC and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hyperglycemia in the overall period and at each interval; for major long-term patterns of FBG across the three intervals (recent-onset, medium-term, and long-standing hyperglycemia). RESULTS: Higher FBG over the past 11 years was associated with an increased odds of PaC (p trend < .0001), with recent FBG more predictive of PaC than distant FBG. By FBG assessed in the - 3 to 0 interval, OR was 1.97 (95% CI 1.32-2.93) for 110-125 mg/dL and 3.17 (95% CI 2.09-4.80) for ≥ 126 mg/dL. By long-term patterns of FBG, compared to consistent normoglycemia, OR was 2.02 (95% CI 1.24-3.31) for long-standing hyperglycemia and 3.38 (95% CI 1.87-6.13) for recent-onset hyperglycemia. These associations were more pronounced among never-smokers than ever-smokers (p interaction = .06). CONCLUSION: Recent-onset hyperglycemia may be an early manifestation of undetected PaC, while long-lasting hyperglycemia may serve as a moderate etiologic factor for PaC.
BACKGROUND: Whether type 2 diabetes is cause or consequence, or both, of pancreatic cancer (PaC) remains unresolved. Leveraging repeated measurements of fasting blood glucose (FBG), we examined the temporal relationship between hyperglycemia and PaC incidence. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of 278 cases and 826 matched-controls from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. Over 11 years before index date (date of PaC diagnosis for cases), all participants had at least one FBG measurement in each of the three time windows: - 11 to - 8, - 7 to - 4, and - 3 to 0 years. Using conditional logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios(ORs) of PaC and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hyperglycemia in the overall period and at each interval; for major long-term patterns of FBG across the three intervals (recent-onset, medium-term, and long-standing hyperglycemia). RESULTS: Higher FBG over the past 11 years was associated with an increased odds of PaC (p trend < .0001), with recent FBG more predictive of PaC than distant FBG. By FBG assessed in the - 3 to 0 interval, OR was 1.97 (95% CI 1.32-2.93) for 110-125 mg/dL and 3.17 (95% CI 2.09-4.80) for ≥ 126 mg/dL. By long-term patterns of FBG, compared to consistent normoglycemia, OR was 2.02 (95% CI 1.24-3.31) for long-standing hyperglycemia and 3.38 (95% CI 1.87-6.13) for recent-onset hyperglycemia. These associations were more pronounced among never-smokers than ever-smokers (p interaction = .06). CONCLUSION: Recent-onset hyperglycemia may be an early manifestation of undetected PaC, while long-lasting hyperglycemia may serve as a moderate etiologic factor for PaC.
Entities:
Keywords:
Fasting blood glucose; Hyperglycemia; Pancreatic cancer; Type 2 diabetes
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