Teresa Castro1, Cameron Grant2, Clare Wall3, Michaela Welch4, Emma Marks5, Courtney Fleming6, Juliana Teixeira7, Dinusha Bandara8, Sarah Berry5, Susan Morton8. 1. Paediatrics and Growing Up in New Zealand, University of Auckland, Auckland. 2. Paediatrics, Growing Up in New Zealand and Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua. 3. Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland. 4. Medicine, Boston University, United States. 5. Growing Up in New Zealand, University of Auckland, Auckland. 6. Auckland District Health Board, Auckland. 7. Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. 8. Growing Up in New Zealand, and Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland.
Abstract
AIMS: To describe breastfeeding initiation and duration, and demographic associations with breastfeeding duration within a representative sample of New Zealand infants. METHODS: In 6,685 singletons enrolled in the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort we described breastfeeding initiation (96%), any (94%) and exclusive (93%) breastfeeding (EBF) duration. We used adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to describe associations with breastfeeding duration. RESULTS: Breastfeeding initiation occurred for 97%. Sixteen percent were EBF to age six months and 13% were breastfed to age 24 months. Exclusive breastfeeding for ≥4 months was less likely for children of mothers of Māori (RR=0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.87), Pacific (0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.98) or Asian (0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.86) ethnicity. Children of mothers aged 20-29 years (1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.49); ≥30 years (1.36, 95% CI 1.14-1); with a tertiary education (1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.21); or planned pregnancy (1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.21); and children with older siblings (RR=1.31, 95% CI 1.17-1.47) were more likely to be exclusively breastfed for ≥4 months. Children were more likely to be breastfed ≥6 months if their mother was aged 20-29 (1.26, 95% CI 1.10-1.45) or ≥30 years (1.40, 95% CI 1.22-1.61), had a tertiary education (1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.59) or planned pregnancy (1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.15), or if they had older siblings (1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.08). CONCLUSION: In New Zealand, most children are initially breastfed, however a large proportion did not receive the recommended duration of any or exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal age, education, parity and pregnancy planning identify children at risk of shorter duration of breastfeeding and EBF, and maternal ethnicity identifies children at risk of shorter EBF duration.
AIMS: To describe breastfeeding initiation and duration, and demographic associations with breastfeeding duration within a representative sample of New Zealand infants. METHODS: In 6,685 singletons enrolled in the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort we described breastfeeding initiation (96%), any (94%) and exclusive (93%) breastfeeding (EBF) duration. We used adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to describe associations with breastfeeding duration. RESULTS: Breastfeeding initiation occurred for 97%. Sixteen percent were EBF to age six months and 13% were breastfed to age 24 months. Exclusive breastfeeding for ≥4 months was less likely for children of mothers of Māori (RR=0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.87), Pacific (0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.98) or Asian (0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.86) ethnicity. Children of mothers aged 20-29 years (1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.49); ≥30 years (1.36, 95% CI 1.14-1); with a tertiary education (1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.21); or planned pregnancy (1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.21); and children with older siblings (RR=1.31, 95% CI 1.17-1.47) were more likely to be exclusively breastfed for ≥4 months. Children were more likely to be breastfed ≥6 months if their mother was aged 20-29 (1.26, 95% CI 1.10-1.45) or ≥30 years (1.40, 95% CI 1.22-1.61), had a tertiary education (1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.59) or planned pregnancy (1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.15), or if they had older siblings (1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.08). CONCLUSION: In New Zealand, most children are initially breastfed, however a large proportion did not receive the recommended duration of any or exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal age, education, parity and pregnancy planning identify children at risk of shorter duration of breastfeeding and EBF, and maternal ethnicity identifies children at risk of shorter EBF duration.
Authors: Blair Lawley; Anna Otal; Kit Moloney-Geany; Aly Diana; Lisa Houghton; Anne-Louise M Heath; Rachael W Taylor; Gerald W Tannock Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2019-09-17 Impact factor: 4.792
Authors: Teresa Gontijo de Castro; Sarah Gerritsen; Leonardo P Santos; Dirce M L Marchioni; Susan M B Morton; Clare Wall Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2022-07-19 Impact factor: 3.660
Authors: Emma J Marks; Cameron C Grant; Teresa Gontijo de Castro; Dinusha K Bandara; Clare Wall; Susan M B Morton Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-06-11 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Teresa G Castro; Sarah Gerritsen; Juliana A Teixeira; Avinesh Pillai; Dirce Maria L Marchioni; Cameron C Grant; Susan M B Morton; Clare R Wall Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2021-07-02 Impact factor: 3.718