Seung Suk Kang1, Angus W MacDonald2, Matthew V Chafee3, Chang-Hwan Im4, Edward M Bernat5, Nicholas D Davenport6, Scott R Sponheim7. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. Electronic address: kangseung@umkc.edu. 2. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. 3. Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. 4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea. 5. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Colledge Park, MD 20742, USA. 6. Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. 7. Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To better understand the origins of working memory (WM) impairment in schizophrenia we investigated cortical oscillatory activity in people with schizophrenia (PSZ) while they performed a WM task requiring encoding, maintenance, and retrieval/manipulation processes of spatial information. METHODS: We examined time-frequency synchronous energy of cortical source signals that were derived from magnetoencephalography (MEG) localized to cortical regions using WM-related hemodynamic responses and individualized structural head-models. RESULTS: Compared to thirteen healthy controls (HC), twelve PSZ showed performance deficits regardless of WM-load or duration. During encoding, PSZ had early theta and delta event-related synchrony (ERS) deficits in prefrontal and visual cortices which worsened with greater memory load and predicted WM performance. During prolonged maintenance of material, PSZ showed deficient beta event-related desynchrony (ERD) in dorsolateral prefrontal, posterior parietal, and visual cortices. In retrieval, PSZ showed reduced delta/theta ERS in the anterior prefrontal and ventral visual cortices and diminished gamma ERS in the premotor and posterior parietal cortices. CONCLUSIONS: Although beta/gamma cortical neural oscillatory deficits for maintenance/retrieval are evident during WM, the abnormal prefrontal theta-frequency ERS for encoding is most predictive of poor WM in schizophrenia. SIGNIFICANCE: Time-frequency-spatial analysis identified process- and frequency-specific neural synchrony abnormalities underlying WM deficits in schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVE: To better understand the origins of working memory (WM) impairment in schizophrenia we investigated cortical oscillatory activity in people with schizophrenia (PSZ) while they performed a WM task requiring encoding, maintenance, and retrieval/manipulation processes of spatial information. METHODS: We examined time-frequency synchronous energy of cortical source signals that were derived from magnetoencephalography (MEG) localized to cortical regions using WM-related hemodynamic responses and individualized structural head-models. RESULTS: Compared to thirteen healthy controls (HC), twelve PSZ showed performance deficits regardless of WM-load or duration. During encoding, PSZ had early theta and delta event-related synchrony (ERS) deficits in prefrontal and visual cortices which worsened with greater memory load and predicted WM performance. During prolonged maintenance of material, PSZ showed deficient beta event-related desynchrony (ERD) in dorsolateral prefrontal, posterior parietal, and visual cortices. In retrieval, PSZ showed reduced delta/theta ERS in the anterior prefrontal and ventral visual cortices and diminished gamma ERS in the premotor and posterior parietal cortices. CONCLUSIONS: Although beta/gamma cortical neural oscillatory deficits for maintenance/retrieval are evident during WM, the abnormal prefrontal theta-frequency ERS for encoding is most predictive of poor WM in schizophrenia. SIGNIFICANCE: Time-frequency-spatial analysis identified process- and frequency-specific neural synchrony abnormalities underlying WM deficits in schizophrenia.
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