Junfeng Tan1,2, Zhenyan Miao1,2,3, Chengzhi Ren1,3, Ruxia Yuan1,3, Yunjia Tang1,4, Xiaorong Zhang2, Zhaoxue Han5,6, Chuang Ma7,8,9. 1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. 2. Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. 3. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. 4. Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. 5. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. zxhan@nwsuaf.edu.cn. 6. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. zxhan@nwsuaf.edu.cn. 7. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. cma@nwafu.edu.cn. 8. Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. cma@nwafu.edu.cn. 9. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. cma@nwafu.edu.cn.
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: A large-scale bioinformatics analysis revealed the origin and evolution of GT47 gene family, and identified two clades of intron-poor genes with putative functions in drought stress responses and seed development in maize. Glycosyltransferase family 47 (GT47) genes encode β-galactosyltransferases and β-glucuronyltransferases that synthesize pectin, xyloglucans and xylan, which are important components of the plant cell wall. In this study, we performed a systematic and large-scale bioinformatics analysis of GT47 gene family using 352 GT47 proteins from 15 species ranging from cyanobacteria to seed plants. The analysis results showed that GT47 family may originate in cyanobacteria and expand along the evolutionary trajectory to moss. Further analysis of 47 GT47 genes in maize revealed that they can divide into five clades with diverse exon-intron structures. Among these five clades, two were mainly composed with intron-poor genes, which may originate in the moss. Gene duplication analysis revealed that the expansion of GT47 gene family in maize was significantly driven from tandem duplication events and segmental duplication events. Significantly, almost all duplicated genes are intron-poor genes. Expression analysis indicated that several intron-poor GT47 genes may be involved in the drought stress response and seed development in maize. This work provides insight into the origin and evolutionary process, expansion mechanisms and expression patterns of GT47 genes, thus facilitating their functional investigations in the future.
MAIN CONCLUSION: A large-scale bioinformatics analysis revealed the origin and evolution of GT47 gene family, and identified two clades of intron-poor genes with putative functions in drought stress responses and seed development in maize. Glycosyltransferase family 47 (GT47) genes encode β-galactosyltransferases and β-glucuronyltransferases that synthesize pectin, xyloglucans and xylan, which are important components of the plant cell wall. In this study, we performed a systematic and large-scale bioinformatics analysis of GT47 gene family using 352 GT47 proteins from 15 species ranging from cyanobacteria to seed plants. The analysis results showed that GT47 family may originate in cyanobacteria and expand along the evolutionary trajectory to moss. Further analysis of 47 GT47 genes in maize revealed that they can divide into five clades with diverse exon-intron structures. Among these five clades, two were mainly composed with intron-poor genes, which may originate in the moss. Gene duplication analysis revealed that the expansion of GT47 gene family in maize was significantly driven from tandem duplication events and segmental duplication events. Significantly, almost all duplicated genes are intron-poor genes. Expression analysis indicated that several intron-poor GT47 genes may be involved in the drought stress response and seed development in maize. This work provides insight into the origin and evolutionary process, expansion mechanisms and expression patterns of GT47 genes, thus facilitating their functional investigations in the future.
Authors: Martin Krzywinski; Jacqueline Schein; Inanç Birol; Joseph Connors; Randy Gascoyne; Doug Horsman; Steven J Jones; Marco A Marra Journal: Genome Res Date: 2009-06-18 Impact factor: 9.043
Authors: Robert D Finn; Penelope Coggill; Ruth Y Eberhardt; Sean R Eddy; Jaina Mistry; Alex L Mitchell; Simon C Potter; Marco Punta; Matloob Qureshi; Amaia Sangrador-Vegas; Gustavo A Salazar; John Tate; Alex Bateman Journal: Nucleic Acids Res Date: 2015-12-15 Impact factor: 16.971