Merja K Laine1,2, Hannu Kautiainen1,3,4, Mika Gissler5,6, Marko Raina2,7, Ilkka Aahos2, Kajsa Järvinen2, Pirjo Pennanen2, Johan G Eriksson1,4,5,8. 1. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 2. Vantaa Health Center, Vantaa, Finland. 3. Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. 4. Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 5. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. 7. Apotti, Helsinki, Finland. 8. Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Data on risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in primiparous women is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of GDM and simultaneously evaluate the impact of age and adiposity in primiparous women at risk of GDM risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This observational register-based cohort study from the city of Vantaa, Finland, included all 7750 primiparous women giving birth between 2009 and 2015 without previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: In primiparous women the prevalence of GDM was 16.5% and mean age was 28.2 years (5.2 SD). Primiparous women aged ≥35 years had a significantly higher risk for GDM than women aged <25 years [odds ratio (OR) 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.13-3.34]. Primiparous women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥30.0 kg/m2 had a significantly higher risk for GDM than women with a pre-pregnancy BMI <25 kg/m2 (OR 5.36, 95% CI 4.53-6.36). The risk of developing GDM showed an increasing trend with increasing age in all BMI categories except the category BMI ≥35 kg/m2 . Normal weight women (BMI 20.0-24.9 kg/m2 ) aged 40 years had a significantly higher risk for GDM than normal weight women aged 28 years (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01-2.19). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of GDM is high in primiparous women. Both age and degree of adiposity influenced the risk for GDM. To reduce GDM risk, adiposity should be prevented already in childhood and primiparity should be encouraged at a younger age.
INTRODUCTION: Data on risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in primiparous women is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of GDM and simultaneously evaluate the impact of age and adiposity in primiparous women at risk of GDM risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This observational register-based cohort study from the city of Vantaa, Finland, included all 7750 primiparous women giving birth between 2009 and 2015 without previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: In primiparous women the prevalence of GDM was 16.5% and mean age was 28.2 years (5.2 SD). Primiparous women aged ≥35 years had a significantly higher risk for GDM than women aged <25 years [odds ratio (OR) 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.13-3.34]. Primiparous women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥30.0 kg/m2 had a significantly higher risk for GDM than women with a pre-pregnancy BMI <25 kg/m2 (OR 5.36, 95% CI 4.53-6.36). The risk of developing GDM showed an increasing trend with increasing age in all BMI categories except the category BMI ≥35 kg/m2 . Normal weight women (BMI 20.0-24.9 kg/m2 ) aged 40 years had a significantly higher risk for GDM than normal weight women aged 28 years (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01-2.19). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of GDM is high in primiparous women. Both age and degree of adiposity influenced the risk for GDM. To reduce GDM risk, adiposity should be prevented already in childhood and primiparity should be encouraged at a younger age.
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