Control of intractable spasticity with intrathecal morphine sulfate.

Three years ago we reported our preliminary results regarding treatment of intractable spasticity with use of intrathecal morphine. This paper is a follow-up report of 12 patients who underwent implantation of a pump or reservoir for delivery of intrathecal morphine sulfate for control of spasticity. Our primary concern initially was that patients would ultimately become drug tolerant and lose the beneficial effect of the morphine. Only one of these 12 patients has developed drug tolerance. The longest follow-up period has been 4.3 years, and this patient has maintained excellent control of his spasticity with a stable dose of 2 mg of morphine daily.