Scanning electron, 3D-confocal and stereotactic microscopies morpho-structural analysis of antibiotic-loaded cement porosity in three different formulations.

Chronic osteoarticular infections such as osteomyelitis or periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) have become a growing problem over the years. The “gold standard” in local antibiotic administration is still the antibiotic-loaded acrylic bone cement (ALABC) which is used in both prophylaxis, because it has been shown it can reduce the risk of infection and used in therapy during a “two-stage surgery” in PJI or in chronic osteomyelitis. We performed morphological analysis of three different formulations of antibiotic-loaded cement (ALABC) using techniques of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D immunofluorescence, in order to explain how the morphological aspects of cement could influence and modulate antibiotic elution.