Background: Enteral and respiratory tract colonization with gram-negative bacteria may lead to subsequent infections in critically ill patients. We aimed to clarify the interdependence between gut and respiratory tract colonization and their associations with intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections in patients receiving selective digestive tract decontamination (SDD). Methods: Colonization status of the rectum and respiratory tract was determined using twice-weekly microbiological surveillance in mechanically ventilated subjects receiving SDD between May 2011 and June 2015 in a tertiary medical-surgical ICU in the Netherlands. Acquisition of infections was monitored daily by dedicated observers. Marginal structural models were used to determine the associations between gram-negative rectal colonization and respiratory tract colonization, ICU-acquired gram-negative infection, and ICU-acquired gram-negative bacteremia. Results: Among 2066 ICU admissions, 1157 (56.0%) ever had documented gram-negative carriage in the rectum during ICU stay. Cumulative incidences of ICU-acquired gram-negative infection and bacteremia were 6.0% (n = 124) and 2.1% (n = 44), respectively. Rectal colonization was an independent risk factor for both respiratory tract colonization (cause-specific hazard ratio [CSHR], 2.93 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.02-4.23]) and new gram-negative infection in the ICU (CSHR, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.99-4.65]). Both rectal and respiratory tract colonization were associated with bacteremia (CSHR, 7.37 [95% CI, 3.25-16.68] and 2.56 [95% CI, 1.09-6.03], respectively). Similar associations were observed when Enterobacteriaceae and glucose nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria were analyzed separately. Conclusions: Gram-negative rectal colonization tends to be stronger associated with subsequent ICU-acquired gram-negative infections than gram-negative respiratory tract colonization. Gram-negative rectal colonization seems hardly associated with subsequent ICU-acquired gram-negative respiratory tract colonization.
Background: Enteral and respiratory tract colonization with gram-negative bacteria may lead to subsequent infections in critically illpatients. We aimed to clarify the interdependence between gut and respiratory tract colonization and their associations with intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections in patients receiving selective digestive tract decontamination (SDD). Methods: Colonization status of the rectum and respiratory tract was determined using twice-weekly microbiological surveillance in mechanically ventilated subjects receiving SDD between May 2011 and June 2015 in a tertiary medical-surgical ICU in the Netherlands. Acquisition of infections was monitored daily by dedicated observers. Marginal structural models were used to determine the associations between gram-negative rectal colonization and respiratory tract colonization, ICU-acquired gram-negative infection, and ICU-acquired gram-negative bacteremia. Results: Among 2066 ICU admissions, 1157 (56.0%) ever had documented gram-negative carriage in the rectum during ICU stay. Cumulative incidences of ICU-acquired gram-negative infection and bacteremia were 6.0% (n = 124) and 2.1% (n = 44), respectively. Rectal colonization was an independent risk factor for both respiratory tract colonization (cause-specific hazard ratio [CSHR], 2.93 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.02-4.23]) and new gram-negative infection in the ICU (CSHR, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.99-4.65]). Both rectal and respiratory tract colonization were associated with bacteremia (CSHR, 7.37 [95% CI, 3.25-16.68] and 2.56 [95% CI, 1.09-6.03], respectively). Similar associations were observed when Enterobacteriaceae and glucose nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria were analyzed separately. Conclusions: Gram-negative rectal colonization tends to be stronger associated with subsequent ICU-acquired gram-negative infections than gram-negative respiratory tract colonization. Gram-negative rectal colonization seems hardly associated with subsequent ICU-acquired gram-negative respiratory tract colonization.
Authors: Katrina L Kalantar; Lucile Neyton; Carolyn S Calfee; Charles R Langelier; Mazin Abdelghany; Eran Mick; Alejandra Jauregui; Saharai Caldera; Paula Hayakawa Serpa; Rajani Ghale; Jack Albright; Aartik Sarma; Alexandra Tsitsiklis; Aleksandra Leligdowicz; Stephanie A Christenson; Kathleen Liu; Kirsten N Kangelaris; Carolyn Hendrickson; Pratik Sinha; Antonio Gomez; Norma Neff; Angela Pisco; Sarah B Doernberg; Joseph L Derisi; Michael A Matthay Journal: Nat Microbiol Date: 2022-10-20 Impact factor: 30.964
Authors: Daniel E Freedberg; Margaret J Zhou; Margot E Cohen; Medini K Annavajhala; Sabrina Khan; Dagmara I Moscoso; Christian Brooks; Susan Whittier; David H Chong; Anne-Catrin Uhlemann; Julian A Abrams Journal: Intensive Care Med Date: 2018-06-23 Impact factor: 17.440
Authors: Daniel E Freedberg; Megan Messina; Elissa Lynch; Monika Tess; Elizabeth Miracle; David H Chong; Romina Wahab; Julian A Abrams; Harris H Wang; Christian Munck Journal: Crit Care Explor Date: 2020-06-11