L De Carli1, R Gambino1, C Lubrano1, R Rosato2, D Bongiovanni1, F Lanfranco1, F Broglio1, E Ghigo1, S Bo3. 1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy. 2. Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. 3. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy. simona.bo@unito.it.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Few and contradictory data suggest changes in taste perception in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), potentially altering food choices. We, therefore, analyzed taste recognition thresholds in T2DM patients with good metabolic control and free of conditions potentially impacting on taste, compared with age-, body mass index-, and sex-matched normoglycemic controls. METHODS: An ascending-concentration method was used, employing sucrose (sweet), sodium chloride (salty), citric acid (sour), and quinine hydrochloride (bitter), diluted in increasing concentration solutions. The recognition threshold was the lowest concentration of correct taste identification. RESULTS: The recognition thresholds for the four tastes were higher in T2DM patients. In a multiple regression model, T2DM [β = 0.95; 95% CI 0.32-1.58; p = 0.004 (salty); β = 0.61; 0.19-1.03; p = 0.006 (sweet); β = 0.78; 0.15-1.40; p = 0.016 (sour); β = 0.74; 0.22-1.25; p = 0.006 (bitter)] and waist circumference [β = 0.05; 0.01-0.08; p = 0.012 (salty); β = 0.03; 0.01-0.05; p = 0.020 (sweet); β = 0.04; 0.01-0.08; p = 0.020 (sour); β = 0.04; 0.01-0.07; p = 0.007 (bitter)] were associated with the recognition thresholds. Age was associated with salty (β = 0.06; 0.01-0.12; p = 0.027) and BMI with sweet thresholds (β = 0.06; 0.01-0.11; p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Taste recognition thresholds were higher in uncomplicated T2DM, and central obesity was significantly associated with this impairment. Hypogeusia may be an early sign of diabetic neuropathy and be implicated in the poor compliance of these patients to dietary recommendations.
PURPOSE: Few and contradictory data suggest changes in taste perception in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), potentially altering food choices. We, therefore, analyzed taste recognition thresholds in T2DM patients with good metabolic control and free of conditions potentially impacting on taste, compared with age-, body mass index-, and sex-matched normoglycemic controls. METHODS: An ascending-concentration method was used, employing sucrose (sweet), sodium chloride (salty), citric acid (sour), and quinine hydrochloride (bitter), diluted in increasing concentration solutions. The recognition threshold was the lowest concentration of correct taste identification. RESULTS: The recognition thresholds for the four tastes were higher in T2DM patients. In a multiple regression model, T2DM [β = 0.95; 95% CI 0.32-1.58; p = 0.004 (salty); β = 0.61; 0.19-1.03; p = 0.006 (sweet); β = 0.78; 0.15-1.40; p = 0.016 (sour); β = 0.74; 0.22-1.25; p = 0.006 (bitter)] and waist circumference [β = 0.05; 0.01-0.08; p = 0.012 (salty); β = 0.03; 0.01-0.05; p = 0.020 (sweet); β = 0.04; 0.01-0.08; p = 0.020 (sour); β = 0.04; 0.01-0.07; p = 0.007 (bitter)] were associated with the recognition thresholds. Age was associated with salty (β = 0.06; 0.01-0.12; p = 0.027) and BMI with sweet thresholds (β = 0.06; 0.01-0.11; p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Taste recognition thresholds were higher in uncomplicated T2DM, and central obesity was significantly associated with this impairment. Hypogeusia may be an early sign of diabetic neuropathy and be implicated in the poor compliance of these patients to dietary recommendations.
Authors: Liang-Dar Hwang; Gabriel Cuellar-Partida; Jue-Sheng Ong; Paul A S Breslin; Danielle R Reed; Stuart MacGregor; Puya Gharahkhani; Nicholas G Martin; Miguel E Rentería Journal: Twin Res Hum Genet Date: 2016-08-05 Impact factor: 1.587
Authors: Quanhe Yang; Zefeng Zhang; Edward W Gregg; W Dana Flanders; Robert Merritt; Frank B Hu Journal: JAMA Intern Med Date: 2014-04 Impact factor: 21.873
Authors: Richard L Young; Bridgette Chia; Nicole J Isaacs; Jing Ma; Joan Khoo; Tongzhi Wu; Michael Horowitz; Christopher K Rayner Journal: Diabetes Date: 2013-06-12 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Rebeca Fernández-Carrión; Jose V Sorlí; Oscar Coltell; Eva C Pascual; Carolina Ortega-Azorín; Rocío Barragán; Ignacio M Giménez-Alba; Andrea Alvarez-Sala; Montserrat Fitó; Jose M Ordovas; Dolores Corella Journal: Biomedicines Date: 2021-12-31