Fernanda Rodrigues Helmo1, Angela Maria Moed Lopes2, Anna Cecília Dias Maciel Carneiro3, Carolina Guissoni Campos2, Polyana Barbosa Silva2, Maria Luíza Gonçalves Dos Reis Monteiro1, Laura Penna Rocha1, Marlene Antônia Dos Reis1, Renata Margarida Etchebehere4, Juliana Reis Machado5, Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa6. 1. Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 2. Oncology Research Institute, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 3. Discipline of Histology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro. Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 4. Surgical Pathology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 5. Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of General Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. 6. Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: rosana.correa@uftm.edu.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial hypertensive disorder that is triggered by placental insufficiency and that accounts for up to 15% of maternal deaths. In normal pregnancies, this process depends on the balance between the expression of angiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors, which are responsible for remodeling the spiral arteries, as well as for neoangiogenesis and fetal development. PURPOSE: The aim of this review is to discuss the main scientific findings regarding the role of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. METHODS: An extensive research was conducted in the Pubmed database in search of scientific manuscripts discussing potential associations between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and preeclampsia. Ninety-one papers were included in this review. RESULTS: There is an increased expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor and soluble endoglin in pre-eclampsia, as well as reduced placental expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor. Systemic hypertension, proteinuria and kidney injury - such as enlargement and glomerular fibrin deposit, capillary occlusion due to edema, and hypertrophy of endocapillary cells - are some of these changes. The complex etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia instigates research of different biomarkers that allow for the early diagnosis of this entity, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor, soluble endoglin, placental glycoprotein pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and protein 13. CONCLUSION: Even though it is possible to establish an efficient and effective diagnostic tool, three key principles must be observed in the management of preeclampsia: prevention, early screening and treatment.
BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial hypertensive disorder that is triggered by placental insufficiency and that accounts for up to 15% of maternal deaths. In normal pregnancies, this process depends on the balance between the expression of angiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors, which are responsible for remodeling the spiral arteries, as well as for neoangiogenesis and fetal development. PURPOSE: The aim of this review is to discuss the main scientific findings regarding the role of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. METHODS: An extensive research was conducted in the Pubmed database in search of scientific manuscripts discussing potential associations between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and preeclampsia. Ninety-one papers were included in this review. RESULTS: There is an increased expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor and soluble endoglin in pre-eclampsia, as well as reduced placental expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor. Systemic hypertension, proteinuria and kidney injury - such as enlargement and glomerular fibrin deposit, capillary occlusion due to edema, and hypertrophy of endocapillary cells - are some of these changes. The complex etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia instigates research of different biomarkers that allow for the early diagnosis of this entity, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor, soluble endoglin, placental glycoprotein pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and protein 13. CONCLUSION: Even though it is possible to establish an efficient and effective diagnostic tool, three key principles must be observed in the management of preeclampsia: prevention, early screening and treatment.
Authors: Benjamin S Umezuluike; Chidebe C Anikwe; Oluomachi C Nnachi; Bobbie C A Iwe; Chinedu C Ifemelumma; Ikechukwu B O Dimejesi Journal: Heliyon Date: 2021-11-26