Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal1, Asmaa M Abumuamar2, David Warren Spence3, Vijay Kumar Chattu4, Adam Moscovitch5, Ahmed S BaHammam6. 1. Somnogen Canada Inc, College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: pandiperumal2017@gmail.com. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3. 652 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON M6K 2B4, Canada. 4. Faculty of Public Health & Primary Care, University of West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago. 5. Sleep and Fatigue Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. 6. The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; National Plan for Science and Technology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: It is known that racial disparities exist in terms of disease prevalence and access to health care. However, the link between race/ethnicity and sleep quality is often under-recognized. RESULTS: Current evidence shows that differences exist between Blacks and Whites in terms of sleep duration, sleep quality, and the likelihood of acquiring a sleep disorder. It has been argued that the adverse effects of ethnicity on sleep quality or duration interact with other social or personal factors (such as employment) and that the effects of these factors are interactive and need to be analyzed simultaneously. There is a growing body of evidence showing that disturbed sleep is a mediator of the effect of environmental stressors on personal health, which is more pronounced in ethnic minorities. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the notion that perceived discrimination or unfair treatment has significant associations with complaints of sleep disturbance and disturbed objective measures of sleep quality and sleep architecture. Hence, greater efforts are needed to demonstrate how racial/ethnic factors influence different sleep processes.
PURPOSE: It is known that racial disparities exist in terms of disease prevalence and access to health care. However, the link between race/ethnicity and sleep quality is often under-recognized. RESULTS: Current evidence shows that differences exist between Blacks and Whites in terms of sleep duration, sleep quality, and the likelihood of acquiring a sleep disorder. It has been argued that the adverse effects of ethnicity on sleep quality or duration interact with other social or personal factors (such as employment) and that the effects of these factors are interactive and need to be analyzed simultaneously. There is a growing body of evidence showing that disturbed sleep is a mediator of the effect of environmental stressors on personal health, which is more pronounced in ethnic minorities. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the notion that perceived discrimination or unfair treatment has significant associations with complaints of sleep disturbance and disturbed objective measures of sleep quality and sleep architecture. Hence, greater efforts are needed to demonstrate how racial/ethnic factors influence different sleep processes.
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