OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation in a clinical sample of trauma-exposed adolescents by evaluating evidence for the depersonalization/derealization dissociative subtype of PTSD as defined by the DSM-5 and then examining a broader set of dissociation symptoms. METHOD: A sample of treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed adolescents 12 to 16 years old (N = 3,081) from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set was used to meet the study objectives. Two models of PTSD/dissociation co-occurrence were estimated using latent class analysis, one with 2 dissociation symptoms and the other with 10 dissociation symptoms. After model selection, groups within each model were compared on demographics, trauma characteristics, and psychopathology. RESULTS: Model A, the depersonalization/derealization model, had 5 classes: dissociative subtype/high PTSD; high PTSD; anxious arousal; dysphoric arousal; and a low symptom/reference class. Model B, the expanded dissociation model, identified an additional class characterized by dissociative amnesia and detached arousal. CONCLUSION: These 2 models provide new information about the specific ways PTSD and dissociation co-occur and illuminate some differences between adult and adolescent trauma symptom expression. A dissociative subtype of PTSD can be distinguished from PTSD alone in adolescents, but assessing a wider range of dissociative symptoms is needed to fully characterize adolescent traumatic stress responses.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation in a clinical sample of trauma-exposed adolescents by evaluating evidence for the depersonalization/derealization dissociative subtype of PTSD as defined by the DSM-5 and then examining a broader set of dissociation symptoms. METHOD: A sample of treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed adolescents 12 to 16 years old (N = 3,081) from the National ChildTraumatic Stress Network Core Data Set was used to meet the study objectives. Two models of PTSD/dissociation co-occurrence were estimated using latent class analysis, one with 2 dissociation symptoms and the other with 10 dissociation symptoms. After model selection, groups within each model were compared on demographics, trauma characteristics, and psychopathology. RESULTS: Model A, the depersonalization/derealization model, had 5 classes: dissociative subtype/high PTSD; high PTSD; anxious arousal; dysphoric arousal; and a low symptom/reference class. Model B, the expanded dissociation model, identified an additional class characterized by dissociative amnesia and detached arousal. CONCLUSION: These 2 models provide new information about the specific ways PTSD and dissociation co-occur and illuminate some differences between adult and adolescent trauma symptom expression. A dissociative subtype of PTSD can be distinguished from PTSD alone in adolescents, but assessing a wider range of dissociative symptoms is needed to fully characterize adolescent traumatic stress responses.
Authors: Patricia K Kerig; Ruby Charak; Shannon D Chaplo; Diana C Bennett; Cherie Armour; Crosby A Modrowski; Andrew B McGee Journal: Psychol Trauma Date: 2016-04-21
Authors: Dan J Stein; Karestan C Koenen; Matthew J Friedman; Eric Hill; Katie A McLaughlin; Maria Petukhova; Ayelet Meron Ruscio; Victoria Shahly; David Spiegel; Guilherme Borges; Brendan Bunting; Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida; Giovanni de Girolamo; Koen Demyttenaere; Silvia Florescu; Josep Maria Haro; Elie G Karam; Viviane Kovess-Masfety; Sing Lee; Herbert Matschinger; Maya Mladenova; Jose Posada-Villa; Hisateru Tachimori; Maria Carmen Viana; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2012-10-09 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Laurel J Kiser; Carla Smith Stover; Carryl P Navalta; Joyce Dorado; Juliet M Vogel; Jaleel K Abdul-Adil; Soeun Kim; Robert C Lee; Rebecca Vivrette; Ernestine C Briggs Journal: Child Abuse Negl Date: 2014-03-22