Upper anterior tooth dimensions in a young-adult Indian population in the UK: implications for aesthetic dentistry.

Introduction Knowledge of tooth dimensions and relationships and ethnic variations in these parameters are important in the planning and provision of aesthetic dentistry.Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the dimensions and relationships of the upper anterior teeth in young adults of Indian origin, living in an urban location in the UK, and to compare the data obtained with data pertaining to other ethnic groups.Materials and methods This was a qualitative, non-experimental, cross sectional descriptive study with ethical approval. The dependent variables were tooth dimensions and relationships. The independent variable was gender. Fifty male and 50 female young adult Indians were recruited to the study, according to predetermined criteria. Upper and lower, full arch impressions were obtained for each of the 100 participants. Stone cast were obtained from these impressions. The width and length of each upper anterior tooth included in the casts were measured using precision callipers. Anterior arch length was determined using a flexible measuring tape. All measurements were repeated at least three times to obtain consistent values. The error of the method was investigated by means of repeat measurements. The data obtained was analysed, and compared with existing data on tooth dimensions and used to investigate the presence of Golden Proportion relationships.Results The measurements obtained had a normal distribution. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the overall data for left and right canine width and length (P <0.05). No such differences were noted in respect of the upper central and lateral incisors. Also, significant differences (P <0.05) were found to exist between male and female subjects in respect of the width of all anterior tooth types, except for the upper right lateral incisor. There were significant differences in the length of the upper left central incisor and upper right and left canines between male and female subjects (P <0.05). Significant differences (<0.05) were found in the width to length ratios between right and left canines. No such differences were observed for incisors. There was an absence of Golden Proportion relationships.Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, it is concluded that it is inappropriate to adopt a formulaic, left/right symmetrical approach to smile design in the provision of aesthetic dentistry for young adults of Indian origin.