Mengge Chen1, Hui Cao1, Yingying Ji1, Yuhuan Mao1, Shujing Shen2, Xingya Li1. 1. Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. 2. Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of the major driver genes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several studies have shown that the efficacy of pemetrexed in ALK-positive lung cancer is controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of pemetrexed-based chemotherapy in patients with ALK-positive and negative lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The clinical data of 98 cases of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), V-rafmurine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)-negative patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients who diagnosed by histopathology from January 2015 to April 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected. The relationships between ALK gene status, clinical characteristics and response and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. RESULTS: All of the 98 patients' ALK status were determined. ALK gene fracture fusion occured in 34 cases (34.7%), no fracture fusion in 64 cases (65.3%). All patients underwent first-line pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy, the objective response rate (ORR) was 21.4% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 84.7%. The ORR and DCR of patients with ALK fracture fusion were higher than those without fracture fusion (41.2% vs 10.9%, χ2=23.389, P<0.001; 91.2% vs 81.3%, χ2=4.153, P=0.042), the difference was statistically significant. ALK gene status was not related to age, gender, smoking history and clinical stage. The median PFS of ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma was 7.1 months (95%CI: 6.1-8.1) and negative was 4.7 months (95%CI: 3.818-5.582), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.269, P<0.001). Cox multivariate analysis indicates that PFS of pemetrexed combined with platinum chemotherapy was independent of gender, age, smoking, staging and platinum. ALK gene fracture fusion is an independent factor affecting PFS (HR=0.392, 95%CI: 0.243-0.634, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma patients with first-line pemetrexed-based chemotherapy have greater clinical benefit than ALK-negative patients.
BACKGROUND:Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of the major driver genes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several studies have shown that the efficacy of pemetrexed in ALK-positive lung cancer is controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of pemetrexed-based chemotherapy in patients with ALK-positive and negative lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The clinical data of 98 cases of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), kirsten ratsarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), V-rafmurine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)-negative patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomapatients who diagnosed by histopathology from January 2015 to April 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected. The relationships between ALK gene status, clinical characteristics and response and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. RESULTS: All of the 98 patients' ALK status were determined. ALK gene fracture fusion occured in 34 cases (34.7%), no fracture fusion in 64 cases (65.3%). All patients underwent first-line pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy, the objective response rate (ORR) was 21.4% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 84.7%. The ORR and DCR of patients with ALKfracture fusion were higher than those without fracture fusion (41.2% vs 10.9%, χ2=23.389, P<0.001; 91.2% vs 81.3%, χ2=4.153, P=0.042), the difference was statistically significant. ALK gene status was not related to age, gender, smoking history and clinical stage. The median PFS of ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma was 7.1 months (95%CI: 6.1-8.1) and negative was 4.7 months (95%CI: 3.818-5.582), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.269, P<0.001). Cox multivariate analysis indicates that PFS of pemetrexed combined with platinum chemotherapy was independent of gender, age, smoking, staging and platinum. ALK gene fracture fusion is an independent factor affecting PFS (HR=0.392, 95%CI: 0.243-0.634, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:ALK-positive lung adenocarcinomapatients with first-line pemetrexed-based chemotherapy have greater clinical benefit than ALK-negative patients.
ALK基因状态与化疗疗效Response to treatment according to ALK status
ALK基因状态与PFS之间的关系
单因素分析显示,ALK阳性肺腺癌的中位PFS为7.1个月(95%CI: 6.1-8.1),阴性为4.7个月(95%CI: 3.818-5.582),二者PFS差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.269, P < 0.001)(图 1)。Cox回归多因素分析显示:培美曲塞联合铂类化疗的PFS与性别、年龄、吸烟、分期、与铂类药物的种类均无关,ALK基因断裂融合是PFS相关的唯一变量(HR=0.392, 95%CI: 0.243-0.634, P < 0.001)。
1
ALK阳性与ALK阴性肺腺癌患者PFS生存曲线比较
Comparison of PFS in ALK-positive with ALK-negative lung adenocarcinoma patients. PFS: progression-free survival.
ALK阳性与ALK阴性肺腺癌患者PFS生存曲线比较Comparison of PFS in ALK-positive with ALK-negative lung adenocarcinomapatients. PFS: progression-free survival.
讨论
靶向治疗在基因融合患者中的功效已得到证实,尽管这些融合患者化疗的功效仍然存在争议。目前克唑替尼在2011年获得美国药品食品管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)批准。这是美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN)提出的ALK阳性肺癌患者一线治疗的首选药物[。与化疗相比,克唑替尼用于初治的ALK阳性晚期NSCLC患者,其ORR和PFS均有显著提高[,用于经治的ALK阳性晚期NSCLC患者的临床疗效也明显优于培美曲塞或多西他赛化疗[。但是,由于这种药物尚未进入医保,许多ALK阳性患者无法承担费用。在临床研究中发现晚期肺腺癌患者接受一线克唑替尼靶向治疗的极少,大多数以化疗为首选,常用的化疗方案为铂类联合培美曲塞、紫杉醇、多西他赛、吉西他滨等药物。培美曲塞是一种有效的胸苷酸合酶(thymidylate synthase, TS)抑制剂和其他参与嘌呤和嘧啶合成的叶酸依赖性辅酶抑制剂。有研究[探讨了ALK阳性NSCLC组织TS的表达水平,发现ALK阳性患者TS蛋白处于低表达状态。随机试验[表明,TS阴性NSCLC患者比阳性患者更能从以培美曲塞为基础的化疗中获益,这可能部分解释了ALK断裂融合基因能增加培美曲塞铂二联的疗效。目前推荐的ALK基因检测的方法有V-IHC、RT-PCR和FISH。已有研究[发现应用V-IHC法对ALK断裂融合基因进行检测的结果,经FISH和RT-PCR法验证后,其结果具有高度的一致性。EML4-ALK基因阳性肺癌是NSCLC的重要亚型,约占NSCLC的5%[,而在EGFR、KRAS、HER2或TP53等基因未发生突变的NSCLC患者中,EML4-ALK融合阳性的比例达25%[,部分报道中EGFR、KRAS均为野生型的腺癌中EML4-ALK阳性比例高达30%-42%[。本研究中,ALK基因断裂融合占肺腺癌的34.7%,与国外部分报道相近但略高。在本研究中培美曲塞联合铂类化疗的PFS与含铂种类无关,然而国内有研究[显示晚期肺腺癌患者一线培美曲塞联合奈达铂优于顺铂。分析这些差异可能与种族地域不同、样本量小、选择偏倚、病理类型等因素有关。目前国内有关ALK基因状态与一线培美曲塞联合铂类化疗疗效之间关系的报道较少。有研究[报道培美曲塞联合铂类一线化疗中,ALK阳性组与ALK阴性组有效率和控制率无统计学差异。国外Park等[报道52例ALK阳性组的反应率为26.9%,中位PFS为7.8个月,均高于ALK阴性组。在本研究中,ALK阳性组ORR为41.2%,中位PFS为7.1个月,这与PROFILE 1014研究[以及PROFILE 1029研究结果也类似。表明ALK阳性肺腺癌患者对一线培美曲塞化疗更有效,ALK基因状态可能能够预测培美曲塞的益处,对化疗方案有指导意义。这项回顾性研究不如前瞻性研究那么强大。与任何回顾性分析一样,我们的研究有固有的限制。主要的限制之一是研究人群,特别是ALK阳性队列,可能有受到抽样偏差影响。在本研究中,ALK阳性肺腺癌患者仅为34例,不排除选择偏倚和样本量小等因素的影响,有待大样本、多中心、前瞻性研究进一步证实。综上所述,ALK基因是晚期肺腺癌患者一线培美曲塞化疗PFS的预测因素,相比ALK阴性肺腺癌患者,ALK阳性患者一线应用以培美曲塞为基础的化疗有更大的临床获益。
Authors: Nasser Hanna; Frances A Shepherd; Frank V Fossella; Jose R Pereira; Filippo De Marinis; Joachim von Pawel; Ulrich Gatzemeier; Thomas Chang Yao Tsao; Miklos Pless; Thomas Muller; Hong-Liang Lim; Christopher Desch; Klara Szondy; Radj Gervais; Christian Manegold; Sofia Paul; Paolo Paoletti; Lawrence Einhorn; Paul A Bunn Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2004-05-01 Impact factor: 44.544