Kathleen E Davis1, Xilong Li2, Beverley Adams-Huet2, Lona Sandon3. 1. 1Texas Woman's University,Nutrition and Food Sciences,PO Box 42588,Denton,TX 76204,USA. 2. 2University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,Clinical Sciences,Dallas,TX,USA. 3. 3University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,Clinical Nutrition,Dallas,TX,USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare infant and toddler anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes by race/ethnicity and income. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis using general linear modelling. Ten years of survey data (2003-2012) were combined to compare anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes from a nationally representative US sample. SETTING: The 2003-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). SUBJECTS: Infants and toddlers (n 3669) aged 0-24 months. RESULTS: Rates of overweight were higher among Mexican-American infants and toddlers (P=0·002). There were also several differences in feeding practices among groups based on race/ethnicity. Cessation of breast-feeding occurred earlier for non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American v. non-Hispanic white infants (3·6 and 4·2 v. 5·3 months; P<0·0001; P=0·001). Age at first feeding of solids was earlier for white than Mexican-American infants (5·3 v. 5·7 months; P=0·02). There were differences in almost all feeding practices based on income, including the lowest-income infants stopped breast-feeding earlier than the highest-income infants (3·2 v. 5·8 months, P<0·0001). Several differences in mean nutrient intakes by both race/ethnicity and income were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that disparities in overweight, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes exist among infants and toddlers according to race/ethnicity, which cannot be disentangled from income.
OBJECTIVE: To compare infant and toddler anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes by race/ethnicity and income. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis using general linear modelling. Ten years of survey data (2003-2012) were combined to compare anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes from a nationally representative US sample. SETTING: The 2003-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). SUBJECTS:Infants and toddlers (n 3669) aged 0-24 months. RESULTS: Rates of overweight were higher among Mexican-American infants and toddlers (P=0·002). There were also several differences in feeding practices among groups based on race/ethnicity. Cessation of breast-feeding occurred earlier for non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American v. non-Hispanic white infants (3·6 and 4·2 v. 5·3 months; P<0·0001; P=0·001). Age at first feeding of solids was earlier for white than Mexican-American infants (5·3 v. 5·7 months; P=0·02). There were differences in almost all feeding practices based on income, including the lowest-income infants stopped breast-feeding earlier than the highest-income infants (3·2 v. 5·8 months, P<0·0001). Several differences in mean nutrient intakes by both race/ethnicity and income were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that disparities in overweight, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes exist among infants and toddlers according to race/ethnicity, which cannot be disentangled from income.
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