Angela Merkl1, Sabine Aust2, Gerd-Helge Schneider3, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle4, Andreas Horn5, Andrea A Kühn6, Jens Kuhn7, Malek Bajbouj2. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: angela.merkl@charite.de. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. 4. Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. 5. Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Laboratory for Brain Network Imaging and Modulation Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Department for Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Center Harvard Medical School, 02215 Boston, United States. 6. Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. 7. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) is an experimental approach in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Short-term results of efficacy in DBS are incongruent and studies investigating long-term effects are warranted. METHODS: We assessed efficacy of SCG-DBS in eight patients randomized into a delayed-onset group (sham-DBS four weeks) and a non-delayed-onset group. The primary outcome measure was improvement on the Hamilton Depression Rating-Scale (HAMD-24-item-version). Response was defined as HAMD-24 reduction of at least 50% compared to baseline. Assessment was double-blind for a period of eight weeks and after 6,- 12,- 24,- and 28,- months open-label. RESULTS: The average improvement in HAMD-24 scores after 6,- 12,- and 24-months were 34%, 25%, and 37%. After 6 months, HAMD-24 revealed a significant difference (P = .022) and 37.5% of the patients were responders. After 12 months, HAMD-24 scores dropped, but no significant difference was observed. After 24 months, a significant improvement was found (P = .041). After the four weeks lasting sham vs. DBS-ON period, there was no group difference (P = .376) in HAMD-24 and patients did not improve during sham stimulation. Patients were followed until 28 months and two up to 4 years under SCG-DBS and average response rate was 51%, whereas two patients were remitters (33,3%). LIMITATIONS: The small sample size limited the statistical power and external validity. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term improvement after SCG-DBS revealed a stable effect. There was no significant difference in response rates between the delayed and non-delayed-onset group. DBS for TRD remains experimental and longitudinal investigations of large samples are needed.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) is an experimental approach in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Short-term results of efficacy in DBS are incongruent and studies investigating long-term effects are warranted. METHODS: We assessed efficacy of SCG-DBS in eight patients randomized into a delayed-onset group (sham-DBS four weeks) and a non-delayed-onset group. The primary outcome measure was improvement on the Hamilton Depression Rating-Scale (HAMD-24-item-version). Response was defined as HAMD-24 reduction of at least 50% compared to baseline. Assessment was double-blind for a period of eight weeks and after 6,- 12,- 24,- and 28,- months open-label. RESULTS: The average improvement in HAMD-24 scores after 6,- 12,- and 24-months were 34%, 25%, and 37%. After 6 months, HAMD-24 revealed a significant difference (P = .022) and 37.5% of the patients were responders. After 12 months, HAMD-24 scores dropped, but no significant difference was observed. After 24 months, a significant improvement was found (P = .041). After the four weeks lasting sham vs. DBS-ON period, there was no group difference (P = .376) in HAMD-24 and patients did not improve during sham stimulation. Patients were followed until 28 months and two up to 4 years under SCG-DBS and average response rate was 51%, whereas two patients were remitters (33,3%). LIMITATIONS: The small sample size limited the statistical power and external validity. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term improvement after SCG-DBS revealed a stable effect. There was no significant difference in response rates between the delayed and non-delayed-onset group. DBS for TRD remains experimental and longitudinal investigations of large samples are needed.
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