Melina Arnold1, Marina Touillaud2, Laure Dossus3, Heinz Freisling4, Freddie Bray1, Irène Margaritis5, Valérie Deschamps6, Isabelle Soerjomataram7. 1. Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France. 2. Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France; Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Prom. Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, 69008, Lyon, France. 3. Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France. 4. Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France. 5. Nutrition Risk Assessment Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France. 6. Agence Nationale de Santé Publique, Université Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France. 7. Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France. Electronic address: soerjomatarami@iarc.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Overweight, as defined by high body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for various morbidities including cancer. Globally, its prevalence has increased markedly over the past decades. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion and number of cancers that were attributable to high BMI in France in 2015. METHODS: Population attributable fractions (PAFs) and numbers of cancer cases attributable to high BMI (a population mean BMI above the optimum of 22kg/m2) were estimated by age and sex, for cancer sites with convincing or probable evidence of an established causal link. Assuming a 10-year lag-period, PAFs were calculated using mean BMI estimates from a cross-sectional French population survey, and relative risk estimates from published meta-analyses. RESULTS: An estimated 18,639 cancer cases diagnosed in France in 2015 were attributable to high BMI, corresponding to 5.3% of all cancer cases (6.7% in women and 4.1% in men). This included 4507 cases of postmenopausal breast and 3380 cases of colon cancer. The highest estimated PAFs were for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and corpus uteri cancer (37% and 34%, respectively). CONCLUSION: High BMI is associated with a substantial number of cancer cases in France, a country with a low but increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity when compared to other European countries. Assuming that the association between high BMI and cancer is causal, these results highlight the need to prioritise the prevention of this risk factor as part of cancer control planning in France and elsewhere in Europe.
BACKGROUND: Overweight, as defined by high body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for various morbidities including cancer. Globally, its prevalence has increased markedly over the past decades. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion and number of cancers that were attributable to high BMI in France in 2015. METHODS: Population attributable fractions (PAFs) and numbers of cancer cases attributable to high BMI (a population mean BMI above the optimum of 22kg/m2) were estimated by age and sex, for cancer sites with convincing or probable evidence of an established causal link. Assuming a 10-year lag-period, PAFs were calculated using mean BMI estimates from a cross-sectional French population survey, and relative risk estimates from published meta-analyses. RESULTS: An estimated 18,639 cancer cases diagnosed in France in 2015 were attributable to high BMI, corresponding to 5.3% of all cancer cases (6.7% in women and 4.1% in men). This included 4507 cases of postmenopausal breast and 3380 cases of colon cancer. The highest estimated PAFs were for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and corpus uteri cancer (37% and 34%, respectively). CONCLUSION: High BMI is associated with a substantial number of cancer cases in France, a country with a low but increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity when compared to other European countries. Assuming that the association between high BMI and cancer is causal, these results highlight the need to prioritise the prevention of this risk factor as part of cancer control planning in France and elsewhere in Europe.
Authors: Darren R Brenner; Abbey E Poirier; Stephen D Walter; Will D King; Eduardo L Franco; Paul A Demers; Paul J Villeneuve; Yibing Ruan; Farah Khandwala; Xin Grevers; Robert Nuttall; Leah Smith; Prithwish De; Karena Volesky; Dylan O'Sullivan; Perry Hystad; Christine M Friedenreich Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2018-08-01 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: A Geneste; M N Duong; L Molina; L Conilh; S Beaumel; A Cleret; K Chettab; M Lachat; L P Jordheim; E L Matera; C Dumontet Journal: BMC Pharmacol Toxicol Date: 2020-08-14 Impact factor: 2.483