Xianglin Chi1, Min Li2, Xia Zhan3, Honghao Man3, Shunliang Xu4, Dingchang Zheng5, Jianzhong Bi6, Yingcui Wang7, Chengyu Liu8. 1. Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China; Department of Neurology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Weihai 264400, China. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan 250013, China. 3. Department of Neurology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Weihai 264400, China. 4. Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China. 5. Health&Well Being Academy, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK. 6. Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China. Electronic address: bjz@sdu.edu.cn. 7. Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China. Electronic address: 13963975615@163.com. 8. School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of carotid arteriosclerosis (CAS) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: One hundred and forty four essential hypertension patients underwent ambulatory BP monitoring for 24h after hospitalization. Common BPV metrics were calculated. General clinical parameters, including age, gender, height, weight, history of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and drink, were recorded. Biochemical indices were obtained from a blood test. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaques were assessed to separate patients into a non-CAS group (IMT≤0.9mm; n=82) and a CAS group (IMT>0.9mm; n=62). BPV metrics and clinical parameters were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associated risk factors of CAS. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that two BPV metrics, the standard deviation of daytime systolic blood pressure (SSD) (OR: 1.587, 95%CI: 1.242-2.028), the difference between average daytime SBP and nighttime SBP (OR: 0.914, 95%CI: 0.855-0.977), as well as three clinical parameters (age, OR: 1.098, 95%CI: 1.034-1.167; smoking, OR: 4.072, 95%CI: 1.466-11.310, and fasting blood glucose, OR: 2.029, 95%CI: 1.407-2.928), were significant factors of CAS in essential hypertension patients. CONCLUSION: SSD, in combination with the ageing, smoking and FBG, has been identified as risk factors for CAS in patients with essential hypertension.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of carotid arteriosclerosis (CAS) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: One hundred and forty four essential hypertensionpatients underwent ambulatory BP monitoring for 24h after hospitalization. Common BPV metrics were calculated. General clinical parameters, including age, gender, height, weight, history of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and drink, were recorded. Biochemical indices were obtained from a blood test. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaques were assessed to separate patients into a non-CAS group (IMT≤0.9mm; n=82) and a CAS group (IMT>0.9mm; n=62). BPV metrics and clinical parameters were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associated risk factors of CAS. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that two BPV metrics, the standard deviation of daytime systolic blood pressure (SSD) (OR: 1.587, 95%CI: 1.242-2.028), the difference between average daytime SBP and nighttime SBP (OR: 0.914, 95%CI: 0.855-0.977), as well as three clinical parameters (age, OR: 1.098, 95%CI: 1.034-1.167; smoking, OR: 4.072, 95%CI: 1.466-11.310, and fasting blood glucose, OR: 2.029, 95%CI: 1.407-2.928), were significant factors of CAS in essential hypertensionpatients. CONCLUSION: SSD, in combination with the ageing, smoking and FBG, has been identified as risk factors for CAS in patients with essential hypertension.