Evaluation of the combined effect of NIR laser and ionizing radiation on cellular damages induced by IUdR-loaded PLGA-coated Nano-graphene oxide.

Glioma is one of the most common malignant cancers of the central nervous system (CNS). Radiatherapy and chemotherapy may be used to slow the growth of tumors that cannot be removed with surgery. The current study developed a combination therapy tool using Nanographene oxide (NGO) functionalized with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) as a carrier of 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IUdR) for glioma cancer treatment. U87MG cells were treated in different groups with IUdR, PLGA-coated Nanographene oxide (PLGA-NGO), IUdR-loaded PLGA-coated Nanographene oxide (IUdR-PLGA-NGO), 2Gy 6MV X-ray radiation, and near-infrared region (NIR) laser radiation. PLGA-NGO showed excellent biocompatibility, high storage capacity for IUdR and high photothermal conversion efficiency. It was effectively employed to create cell damage in the U87MG cell line in the presence of X-ray (6 MV) and NIR laser. Moreover, IUdR-PLGA-NGO+X-ray+NIR laser significantly reduced the plating efficiency of the cells in comparison with IUdR-PLGA-NGO+X-ray and IUdR-PLGA-NGO+NIR laser. Furthermore, Prussian blue staining showed that IUdR-PLGA-NGO-SPIONs were delivered into glioblastoma cells. The PLGA-NGO loaded with IUdR under NIR and X-ray radiation exhibited the highest cytotoxicity toward U87MG cells when compared with other treatment methods, indicating efficient radio-photothermal targeted therapy.