Karima Addetia1, Denisa Muraru2, Federico Veronesi3, Csaba Jenei4, Giacomo Cavalli4, Stephanie A Besser1, Victor Mor-Avi1, Roberto M Lang1, Luigi P Badano4. 1. Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 2. Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: denisa.muraru@gmail.com. 3. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 4. Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The authors used transthoracic 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DE) to characterize tricuspid annulus (TA) geometry and dynamics in healthy volunteers. BACKGROUND: Accurate sizing of the TA is essential for planning tricuspid annuloplasty and for implantation of new percutaneous tricuspid devices. METHODS: 3DE of the TA from 209 healthy volunteers was analyzed using custom software to measure TA area, perimeter, circularity, and dimensions at end diastole (equals tricuspid valve closure), mid-systole, end systole, and late diastole. TA intercommissural distances were measured at mid-systole. For comparison, TA diameters were measured at the same time points on multiplanar reconstruction of the 3DE datasets and on 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DE) apical 4-chamber and right ventricular focused views. In 13 subjects with both 3DE and computed tomography, TA parameters were compared. RESULTS: 3DE TA area, perimeter, and dimensions were largest in late diastole and smallest at mid-systole/end systole. Normal tricuspid valve parameters in end diastole were 8.6 ± 2.0 cm2 for area; 10.5 ± 1.2 cm for perimeter; 36 ± 4 mm and 30 ± 4 mm for longest and shortest dimensions, respectively; and 0.83 ± 0.10 for circularity. There were no age-related changes in TA parameters. Women had larger indexed TA perimeter and longer long-axis dimensions compared with men. The longest 3DE TA dimension was significantly longer than diameters measured from both 2DE and 3D multiplanar reconstruction. 3DE TA area, perimeter, and dimensions correlated with both right atrial and right ventricular volumes, suggesting that both chambers may be determinants of TA size. TA fractional area change was 35 ± 10%. Fractional changes in both perimeter and dimensions were ≥20%. When compared with computed tomography, 3DE systematically underestimated TA parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Gender and body size should be taken into account to identify the reference values of TA dimensions. 2DE underestimates TA dimensions.
OBJECTIVES: The authors used transthoracic 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DE) to characterize tricuspid annulus (TA) geometry and dynamics in healthy volunteers. BACKGROUND: Accurate sizing of the TA is essential for planning tricuspid annuloplasty and for implantation of new percutaneous tricuspid devices. METHODS: 3DE of the TA from 209 healthy volunteers was analyzed using custom software to measure TA area, perimeter, circularity, and dimensions at end diastole (equals tricuspid valve closure), mid-systole, end systole, and late diastole. TA intercommissural distances were measured at mid-systole. For comparison, TA diameters were measured at the same time points on multiplanar reconstruction of the 3DE datasets and on 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DE) apical 4-chamber and right ventricular focused views. In 13 subjects with both 3DE and computed tomography, TA parameters were compared. RESULTS: 3DE TA area, perimeter, and dimensions were largest in late diastole and smallest at mid-systole/end systole. Normal tricuspid valve parameters in end diastole were 8.6 ± 2.0 cm2 for area; 10.5 ± 1.2 cm for perimeter; 36 ± 4 mm and 30 ± 4 mm for longest and shortest dimensions, respectively; and 0.83 ± 0.10 for circularity. There were no age-related changes in TA parameters. Women had larger indexed TA perimeter and longer long-axis dimensions compared with men. The longest 3DE TA dimension was significantly longer than diameters measured from both 2DE and 3D multiplanar reconstruction. 3DE TA area, perimeter, and dimensions correlated with both right atrial and right ventricular volumes, suggesting that both chambers may be determinants of TA size. TA fractional area change was 35 ± 10%. Fractional changes in both perimeter and dimensions were ≥20%. When compared with computed tomography, 3DE systematically underestimated TA parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Gender and body size should be taken into account to identify the reference values of TA dimensions. 2DE underestimates TA dimensions.
Authors: Sylvia Otto; Marija Velichkov; Ali Hamadanchi; P Christian Schulze; Sven Moebius-Winkler Journal: Cardiol J Date: 2021-05-04 Impact factor: 2.737
Authors: Tarek Alsaied; Adam B Christopher; Jose Da Silva; Aditi Gupta; Victor O Morell; Lizabeth Lanford; Jacqueline G Weinberg; Brian Feingold; Thomas Seery; Arvind Hoskoppal; Bryan H Goldstein; Jennifer A Johnson; Laura J Olivieri; Luciana De Fonseca Da Silva Journal: Pediatr Cardiol Date: 2022-09-23 Impact factor: 1.838
Authors: Hannah H Nam; Christian Herz; Andras Lasso; Alana Cianciulli; Maura Flynn; Jing Huang; Zi Wang; Beatriz Paniagua; Jared Vicory; Saleha Kabir; John Simpson; David Harrild; Gerald Marx; Meryl S Cohen; Andrew C Glatz; Matthew A Jolley Journal: J Am Soc Echocardiogr Date: 2022-05-07 Impact factor: 7.722
Authors: Philippe B Bertrand; Jessica R Overbey; Xin Zeng; Robert A Levine; Gorav Ailawadi; Michael A Acker; Peter K Smith; Vinod H Thourani; Emilia Bagiella; Marissa A Miller; Lopa Gupta; Michael J Mack; A Marc Gillinov; Gennaro Giustino; Alan J Moskowitz; Annetine C Gelijns; Michael E Bowdish; Patrick T O'Gara; James S Gammie; Judy Hung Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2021-02-16 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Sohum Kapadia; Amar Krishnaswamy; Habib Layoun; Brian P Griffin; Per Wierup; Paul Schoenhagen; Serge C Harb Journal: Cardiovasc Diagn Ther Date: 2021-02
Authors: Mirjam G Winkel; Nicolas Brugger; Omar K Khalique; Christoph Gräni; Adrian Huber; Thomas Pilgrim; Michael Billinger; Stephan Windecker; Rebecca T Hahn; Fabien Praz Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med Date: 2020-05-05