Wenjie Ma1, Yoriko Heianza2, Tao Huang2, Tiange Wang2, Dianjianyi Sun2, Yan Zheng3, Frank B Hu1,3,4, Kathryn M Rexrode5, JoAnn E Manson1,4,5, Lu Qi1,2,3,4. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 2. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. 3. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Channing Division of Network Medicine. 5. Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
Background: Emerging studies have related circulating glutamine metabolites to various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer; diet is the major source of nutrients involved in glutamine metabolism. However, it remains unknown whether dietary intakes of glutamine, glutamate,and their ratio are related to total and cause-specific mortality. Methods: We followed 74 082 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2012) and 42 303 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2012), who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Diet was updated every 2 to 4 years by using validated food frequency questionnaires. The content of glutamine and glutamate in foods was calculated based on protein fractions generated from gene sequencing methods and adjusted for total energy intake. Results: We documented 30 424 deaths during 2 878 344 person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders including lifestyle and dietary factors, higher intakes of glutamine and glutamine-to-glutamate ratio were associated with significantly lower risk of total and cause-specific mortality. Compared with people in the lowest quintile of dietary glutamine-to-glutamate ratio, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) in the highest quintile was 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84, 0.91; P for trend < 0.001) for total mortality, 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.88; P for trend < 0.001) for cardiovascular mortality, and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.99; P for trend = 0.01) for cancer mortality. Conclusions: We found dietary glutamine and glutamine-to-glutamate ratio were inversely related to risk of mortality, particularly cardiovascular mortality, independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors, in US men and women.
Background: Emerging studies have related circulating glutamine metabolites to various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer; diet is the major source of nutrients involved in glutamine metabolism. However, it remains unknown whether dietary intakes of glutamine, glutamate,and their ratio are related to total and cause-specific mortality. Methods: We followed 74 082 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2012) and 42 303 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2012), who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Diet was updated every 2 to 4 years by using validated food frequency questionnaires. The content of glutamine and glutamate in foods was calculated based on protein fractions generated from gene sequencing methods and adjusted for total energy intake. Results: We documented 30 424 deaths during 2 878 344 person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders including lifestyle and dietary factors, higher intakes of glutamine and glutamine-to-glutamate ratio were associated with significantly lower risk of total and cause-specific mortality. Compared with people in the lowest quintile of dietary glutamine-to-glutamate ratio, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) in the highest quintile was 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84, 0.91; P for trend < 0.001) for total mortality, 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.88; P for trend < 0.001) for cardiovascular mortality, and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.99; P for trend = 0.01) for cancer mortality. Conclusions: We found dietary glutamine and glutamine-to-glutamate ratio were inversely related to risk of mortality, particularly cardiovascular mortality, independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors, in US men and women.
Authors: An Pan; Qi Sun; Adam M Bernstein; Matthias B Schulze; JoAnn E Manson; Meir J Stampfer; Walter C Willett; Frank B Hu Journal: Arch Intern Med Date: 2012-03-12
Authors: W C Willett; L Sampson; M J Stampfer; B Rosner; C Bain; J Witschi; C H Hennekens; F E Speizer Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1985-07 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Christopher B Newgard; Jie An; James R Bain; Michael J Muehlbauer; Robert D Stevens; Lillian F Lien; Andrea M Haqq; Svati H Shah; Michelle Arlotto; Cris A Slentz; James Rochon; Dianne Gallup; Olga Ilkayeva; Brett R Wenner; William S Yancy; Howard Eisenson; Gerald Musante; Richard S Surwit; David S Millington; Mark D Butler; Laura P Svetkey Journal: Cell Metab Date: 2009-04 Impact factor: 27.287
Authors: Lu Qi; Alessandro Doria; Qibin Qi; Sabrina Prudente; Christine Mendonca; Francesco Andreozzi; Natalia di Pietro; Mariella Sturma; Valeria Novelli; Gaia Chiara Mannino; Gloria Formoso; Ernest V Gervino; Thomas H Hauser; Jochen D Muehlschlegel; Monika A Niewczas; Andrzej S Krolewski; Gianni Biolo; Assunta Pandolfi; Eric Rimm; Giorgio Sesti; Vincenzo Trischitta; Frank Hu Journal: JAMA Date: 2013-08-28 Impact factor: 56.272