Prabhat Upadhyay1, Ananya Sadhu2, Praveen K Singh3, Aruna Agrawal4, K Ilango5, Suresh Purohit6, Govind Prasad Dubey7. 1. Department of Pharmacology, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India; Collaborative Programme, Institute of Medical Science, BHU, Varanasi, India. Electronic address: upadhyayprabhat.89@gmail.com. 2. Collaborative Programme, Institute of Medical Science, BHU, Varanasi, India. Electronic address: ananya.s.84@gmail.com. 3. Collaborative Programme, Institute of Medical Science, BHU, Varanasi, India. Electronic address: pkscot@yahoo.co.uk. 4. Department of Kriya Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India; Advance Centre for Traditional and Genomic medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India. Electronic address: aruna.agrawal12@gmail.com. 5. Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India. Electronic address: ilangok67@gmail.com. 6. Department of Pharmacology, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India. Electronic address: suresh_purohit31@rediffmail.com. 7. Collaborative Programme, Institute of Medical Science, BHU, Varanasi, India; Department of Kriya Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India. Electronic address: gpdubey13@gmail.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia yet treatment options are extremely limited. The disease is associated with cognitive impairment as well as structural irregularities, accumulation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, diminished levels of acetylcholine, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain. We have previously reported on the positive effects of a united states patented (US 7,273,626 B2) poly herbal test formulation, consisting of Bacopa monnieri, Hippophae rhamnoides and Dioscorea bulbifera extracts, on cognitive deficits in AD patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the mechanism(s) of action of the formulation using scopolamine treated rats as an AD model. METHOD: The formulation was administered daily along with scopolamine for a period of 14days following which the elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests were performed to assess learning and memory. Rats treated with scopolamine or vehicle only were also included in the experiment. Acetylcholine levels and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-oxidant enzymes in the brain were also measured at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: The study demonstrate that scopolamine treatment resulted in learning and memory deficits which were partially and significantly ameliorated by the formulation. The formulation also counteracted scopolamine-induced decreases in acetylcholine levels, increases in AChE activity, and decreases in activities of the antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the ability of the test formulation to reverse scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats which may at least partially be explained by the reversal of scopolamine-induced reductions in brain acetylcholine levels and antioxidant activities by the test formulation.
OBJECTIVE:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia yet treatment options are extremely limited. The disease is associated with cognitive impairment as well as structural irregularities, accumulation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, diminished levels of acetylcholine, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain. We have previously reported on the positive effects of a united states patented (US 7,273,626 B2) poly herbal test formulation, consisting of Bacopa monnieri, Hippophae rhamnoides and Dioscorea bulbifera extracts, on cognitive deficits in ADpatients. The present study was conducted to investigate the mechanism(s) of action of the formulation using scopolamine treated rats as an AD model. METHOD: The formulation was administered daily along with scopolamine for a period of 14days following which the elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests were performed to assess learning and memory. Rats treated with scopolamine or vehicle only were also included in the experiment. Acetylcholine levels and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-oxidant enzymes in the brain were also measured at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: The study demonstrate that scopolamine treatment resulted in learning and memory deficits which were partially and significantly ameliorated by the formulation. The formulation also counteracted scopolamine-induced decreases in acetylcholine levels, increases in AChE activity, and decreases in activities of the antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the ability of the test formulation to reverse scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats which may at least partially be explained by the reversal of scopolamine-induced reductions in brain acetylcholine levels and antioxidant activities by the test formulation.
Authors: Roberta Cristina de França Silva; Mikaelle Albuquerque de Souza; Jaielison Yandro Pereira da Silva; Carolina da Silva Ponciano; Vanessa Bordin Viera; Camila Carolina de Menezes Santos Bertozzo; Gerlane Coelho Guerra; Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo; Marta Maria da Conceição; Celina de Castro Querino Dias; Maria Elieidy Oliveira; Juliana Kessia Barbosa Soares Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-03-17 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Lorenz S Neuwirth; Michael T Verrengia; Zachary I Harikinish-Murrary; Jessica E Orens; Oscar E Lopez Journal: Front Mol Neurosci Date: 2022-08-17 Impact factor: 6.261