Antti M Kiviniemi1, Nelli Perkiömäki, Juha Auvinen, Maisa Niemelä, Tuija Tammelin, Katri Puukka, Aimo Ruokonen, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Mikko P Tulppo, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Timo Jämsä, Heikki V Huikuri, Raija Korpelainen. 1. 1Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND; 2Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND; 3Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND; 4Unit of Primary Care, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND; 5Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND; 6LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, FINLAND; 7NordLab Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND; 8Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UNITED KINGDOM; 9Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND; 10Diagnostic Imaging, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, FINLAND; and 11Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Oulu, FINLAND.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Although low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical inactivity, and obesity are associated with impaired autonomic function, they are also extensively interrelated. The present study aimed to assess the extent to which they contribute to autonomic function independently of each other. METHODS: At the age of 46 yr, 1383 men and 1761 women without cardiorespiratory diseases and diabetes underwent assessments of vagally mediated heart rate (HR) variability (root mean square of successive differences in R-R interval (rMMSD)), peak HR during a submaximal step test (CRF), and 60-s HR recovery (HRR). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; ≥3.5 METs, 2 wk) was measured by wrist-worn accelerometer and body fat percentage (Fat%) by bioimpedance. RESULTS: In men, CRF and Fat% were significantly associated with higher rMSSD (standardized β = 0.31 and -0.16) and HRR (β = 0.19 and -0.18), whereas higher MVPA was linked with higher HRR (β = 0.13) when including CRF, MVPA, and Fat% in the initial regression. After adjustments for other lifestyle and cardiometabolic factors, CRF remained significantly associated with rMMSD (β = 0.24) and HRR (β = 0.14), as did MVPA with HRR (β = 0.11). In women, CRF was associated with rMSSD (β = 0.23) and HRR (β = 0.15), and MVPA (β = 0.17) and Fat% (β = -0.07) with HRR, when CRF, MVPA, and Fat% were adjusted for each other. After further adjustments, CRF remained a significant determinant of rMSSD (β = 0.20) and HRR (β = 0.13), as did MVPA with HRR (β = 0.15). The final models explained 23% and 21% of variation in rMSSD and HRR in men, and 10% and 12% in women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CRF was a more important determinant of cardiac autonomic function than MVPA and body fat. Furthermore, MVPA but not body fat was independently associated with cardiac autonomic function in both men and women.
PURPOSE: Although low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical inactivity, and obesity are associated with impaired autonomic function, they are also extensively interrelated. The present study aimed to assess the extent to which they contribute to autonomic function independently of each other. METHODS: At the age of 46 yr, 1383 men and 1761 women without cardiorespiratory diseases and diabetes underwent assessments of vagally mediated heart rate (HR) variability (root mean square of successive differences in R-R interval (rMMSD)), peak HR during a submaximal step test (CRF), and 60-s HR recovery (HRR). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; ≥3.5 METs, 2 wk) was measured by wrist-worn accelerometer and body fat percentage (Fat%) by bioimpedance. RESULTS: In men, CRF and Fat% were significantly associated with higher rMSSD (standardized β = 0.31 and -0.16) and HRR (β = 0.19 and -0.18), whereas higher MVPA was linked with higher HRR (β = 0.13) when including CRF, MVPA, and Fat% in the initial regression. After adjustments for other lifestyle and cardiometabolic factors, CRF remained significantly associated with rMMSD (β = 0.24) and HRR (β = 0.14), as did MVPA with HRR (β = 0.11). In women, CRF was associated with rMSSD (β = 0.23) and HRR (β = 0.15), and MVPA (β = 0.17) and Fat% (β = -0.07) with HRR, when CRF, MVPA, and Fat% were adjusted for each other. After further adjustments, CRF remained a significant determinant of rMSSD (β = 0.20) and HRR (β = 0.13), as did MVPA with HRR (β = 0.15). The final models explained 23% and 21% of variation in rMSSD and HRR in men, and 10% and 12% in women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CRF was a more important determinant of cardiac autonomic function than MVPA and body fat. Furthermore, MVPA but not body fat was independently associated with cardiac autonomic function in both men and women.
Authors: Petteri Oura; Arto Hautala; Antti Kiviniemi; Juha Auvinen; Katri Puukka; Mikko Tulppo; Heikki Huikuri; Tapio Seppänen; Jaro Karppinen Journal: BMC Musculoskelet Disord Date: 2019-01-31 Impact factor: 2.362
Authors: Jaakko Tornberg; Tiina M Ikäheimo; Antti Kiviniemi; Riitta Pyky; Arto Hautala; Matti Mäntysaari; Timo Jämsä; Raija Korpelainen Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-09-06 Impact factor: 3.240