Che-Hung Liu1, Yen-Fang Tseng2, Jiun-I Lai3, Yin-Quan Chen2, Shih-Hao Wang4, Wei-Fong Kao5, Li-Hua Li6, Yu-Hui Chiu7, Chorng-Kuang How8, Wen-Han Chang1. 1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC. 2. Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. 3. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. 4. Department of Recreation and Leisure Industry Management, College of Management, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Emergency Medicine, Dali Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC. 5. Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. 6. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Taiwan, ROC. 7. Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: yuhui7786@gmail.com. 8. School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In endurance sports, stress, dehydration and release of chemical factors have been associated with red blood cell (RBC) alterations of structure and function, which may contribute to sports anemia, a well-observed phenomenon during long-distance running. Until now, the investigation of the changes of viscoelastic properties of RBC membrane, a decisive factor of RBC deformability to avoid hemolysis, is lacking, especially in an Oriental population. METHODS: nineteen runners were prospectively recruited into our study. Hematological parameters were analyzed before and immediately after the 2015 Taipei 24H Ultra-Marathon Festival, Taiwan. Video particle tracking microrheology was used to determine viscoelastic properties of each RBC sample by calculating the dynamic elastic modulus G'(f) and the viscous modulus G″(f) at frequency f = 20 Hz. RESULTS: Haptoglobin, RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin, plasma free hemoglobin and unsaturated iron-binding capacity values of the recruited runners showed a statistically significant drop in the post-race values. Blood concentration of reticulocyte and ferritin were significantly higher at post-race compared with pre-race. 15 out of the 19 runners had a concurrent change in the elastic and the viscous moduli of their RBCs. Changes in the elastic and the viscous moduli were correlated with changes in the RBC count, hemoglobin and hematocrit. CONCLUSION: Viscoelasticity properties, the elastic modulus G'(f) and the viscous modulus G″(f) of RBCs are associated with endurance exercise-induced anemia.
BACKGROUND: In endurance sports, stress, dehydration and release of chemical factors have been associated with red blood cell (RBC) alterations of structure and function, which may contribute to sports anemia, a well-observed phenomenon during long-distance running. Until now, the investigation of the changes of viscoelastic properties of RBC membrane, a decisive factor of RBC deformability to avoid hemolysis, is lacking, especially in an Oriental population. METHODS: nineteen runners were prospectively recruited into our study. Hematological parameters were analyzed before and immediately after the 2015 Taipei 24H Ultra-Marathon Festival, Taiwan. Video particle tracking microrheology was used to determine viscoelastic properties of each RBC sample by calculating the dynamic elastic modulus G'(f) and the viscous modulus G″(f) at frequency f = 20 Hz. RESULTS: Haptoglobin, RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin, plasma free hemoglobin and unsaturated iron-binding capacity values of the recruited runners showed a statistically significant drop in the post-race values. Blood concentration of reticulocyte and ferritin were significantly higher at post-race compared with pre-race. 15 out of the 19 runners had a concurrent change in the elastic and the viscous moduli of their RBCs. Changes in the elastic and the viscous moduli were correlated with changes in the RBC count, hemoglobin and hematocrit. CONCLUSION: Viscoelasticity properties, the elastic modulus G'(f) and the viscous modulus G″(f) of RBCs are associated with endurance exercise-induced anemia.
Authors: Nicolas Berger; Daniel Cooley; Michael Graham; Claire Harrison; Georgia Campbell; Russ Best Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-11-17 Impact factor: 3.390