Darías Holgado1, Thomas Zandonai2, Mikel Zabala3, James Hopker4, Pandelis Perakakis5, Antonio Luque-Casado6, Luis Ciria2, Eduardo Guerra-Hernandez7, Daniel Sanabria8. 1. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain. Electronic address: dariashn@ugr.es. 2. Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain. 3. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain. 4. Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, UK. 5. Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Departamento de Psicología, Campus de Palmas Altas, Sevilla, España. 6. Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Activity and Sport, "San Isidoro" University Center (Pablo de Olavide University), Spain. 7. Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain. 8. Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain. Electronic address: daniel@ugr.es.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of tramadol on performance during a 20-min cycling time-trial (Experiment 1), and to test whether sustained attention would be impaired during cycling after tramadol intake (Experiment 2). DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. METHODS: In Experiment 1, participants completed a cycling time-trial, 120-min after they ingested either tramadol or placebo. In Experiment 2, participants performed a visual oddball task during the time-trial. Electroencephalography measures (EEG) were recorded throughout the session. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, average time-trial power output was higher in the tramadol vs. placebo condition (tramadol: 220W vs. placebo: 209W; p<0.01). In Experiment 2, no differences between conditions were observed in the average power output (tramadol: 234W vs. placebo: 230W; p>0.05). No behavioural differences were found between conditions in the oddball task. Crucially, the time frequency analysis in Experiment 2 revealed an overall lower target-locked power in the beta-band (p<0.01), and higher alpha suppression (p<0.01) in the tramadol vs. placebo condition. At baseline, EEG power spectrum was higher under tramadol than under placebo in Experiment 1 while the reverse was true for Experiment 2. CONCLUSIONS:Tramadol improved cycling power output in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2, which may be due to the simultaneous performance of a cognitive task. Interestingly enough, the EEG data in Experiment 2 pointed to an impact of tramadol on stimulus processing related to sustained attention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT number: 2015-005056-96. Crown
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of tramadol on performance during a 20-min cycling time-trial (Experiment 1), and to test whether sustained attention would be impaired during cycling after tramadol intake (Experiment 2). DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. METHODS: In Experiment 1, participants completed a cycling time-trial, 120-min after they ingested either tramadol or placebo. In Experiment 2, participants performed a visual oddball task during the time-trial. Electroencephalography measures (EEG) were recorded throughout the session. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, average time-trial power output was higher in the tramadol vs. placebo condition (tramadol: 220W vs. placebo: 209W; p<0.01). In Experiment 2, no differences between conditions were observed in the average power output (tramadol: 234W vs. placebo: 230W; p>0.05). No behavioural differences were found between conditions in the oddball task. Crucially, the time frequency analysis in Experiment 2 revealed an overall lower target-locked power in the beta-band (p<0.01), and higher alpha suppression (p<0.01) in the tramadol vs. placebo condition. At baseline, EEG power spectrum was higher under tramadol than under placebo in Experiment 1 while the reverse was true for Experiment 2. CONCLUSIONS:Tramadol improved cycling power output in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2, which may be due to the simultaneous performance of a cognitive task. Interestingly enough, the EEG data in Experiment 2 pointed to an impact of tramadol on stimulus processing related to sustained attention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT number: 2015-005056-96. Crown
Authors: Andreas Breenfeldt Andersen; Glenn A Jacobson; Jacob Bejder; Dino Premilovac; Stephen M Richards; Jon J Rasmussen; Søren Jessen; Morten Hostrup Journal: Sports Med Date: 2021-04-02 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Darías Holgado; Thomas Zandonai; Luis F Ciria; Mikel Zabala; James Hopker; Daniel Sanabria Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-02-06 Impact factor: 3.240