Update in Parathyroid Imaging.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by excessive, dysregulated production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by 1 or more abnormal parathyroid glands. Minimally invasive surgical techniques have created a need for more precise localization of the parathyroid lesion by imaging. A variety of imaging protocols and techniques have been used for this purpose, but no one modality is clearly superior. Nuclear medicine scintigraphy and ultrasound imaging are established modalities, although multiphase or 4-dimensional computed tomography is an emerging modality with several advantages. This review provides a background regarding PHPT and key anatomy, and discusses these alternative parathyroid imaging modalities with updates.