Dhirendra Pratap Singh1,2,3, Shashank Singh1, Vandana Bijalwan1, Vijay Kumar1, Pragyanshu Khare1, Ritesh Kumar Baboota1,4, Paramdeep Singh1, Ravneet Kaur Boparai5, Jagdeep Singh1, Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi6, Kanwaljit Chopra7, Mahendra Bishnoi8,9. 1. Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, P.O.- Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India. 2. Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. 3. Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SE-41345, Sweden. 4. Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 5. Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Girls, Sector 42, Chandigarh, India. 6. Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, P.O.- Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India. kiran@nabi.res.in. 7. Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. kanwaljitchopra@yahoo.co.in. 8. Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, P.O.- Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India. mbishnoi@gmail.com. 9. Functional Foods Research Laboratory, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia. mbishnoi@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Cranberries are a rich source of polyphenolic antioxidants. Purified sugars or artificial sweeteners are being added to cranberry-based food products to mask tartness. Refined sugar and artificial sweeteners intake modulate gut microbiota and result in metabolic complications. We evaluated effects of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs; sweet tasting non-digestible oligosaccharides) with cranberry extract (CRX) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic alterations in mice. METHODS: Male Swiss albino mice were fed normal chow or HFD (58% fat kcal), and were administered either CRX (200 mg/kg) alone or in combination with IMOs (1 g/kg). Cecal short-chain fatty acids, abundances of selected (1) butyrate producing, (2) metabolically beneficial, and (3) selective lipopolysaccharides producing gram negative gut bacteria were studied. Further, gut-related histological, biochemical, genomic changes along with circulating pro-/anti-inflammatory markers and systemic obesity-associated metabolic changes were studied. RESULTS: Co-supplementation of CRX and IMOs significantly improved cecal SCFAs, especially butyrate levels, selected butyrate-producing bacteria (clostridial cluster XIVa bacteria) and butyrate kinase expression in HFD-fed mice. The combination also significantly improved gut beneficial bacterial abundance, gut histology and related changes (colon mucin production, gut permeability) as compared to individual agents. It also prevented HFD-induced systemic and tissue inflammation, glucose intolerance and systemic obesity-associated metabolic changes in adipose tissue and liver. The combination of CRX and IMOs appeared more effective in the prevention of HFD-induced gut derangements. CONCLUSION: Combination of CRX and IMOs could be advantageous for normalization of metabolic alterations seen in diet-induced obesity via beneficial modulation of gastrointestinal health.
PURPOSE: Cranberries are a rich source of polyphenolic antioxidants. Purified sugars or artificial sweeteners are being added to cranberry-based food products to mask tartness. Refined sugar and artificial sweeteners intake modulate gut microbiota and result in metabolic complications. We evaluated effects of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs; sweet tasting non-digestible oligosaccharides) with cranberry extract (CRX) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic alterations in mice. METHODS: Male Swiss albino mice were fed normal chow or HFD (58% fat kcal), and were administered either CRX (200 mg/kg) alone or in combination with IMOs (1 g/kg). Cecal short-chain fatty acids, abundances of selected (1) butyrate producing, (2) metabolically beneficial, and (3) selective lipopolysaccharides producing gram negative gut bacteria were studied. Further, gut-related histological, biochemical, genomic changes along with circulating pro-/anti-inflammatory markers and systemic obesity-associated metabolic changes were studied. RESULTS: Co-supplementation of CRX and IMOs significantly improved cecal SCFAs, especially butyrate levels, selected butyrate-producing bacteria (clostridial cluster XIVa bacteria) and butyrate kinase expression in HFD-fed mice. The combination also significantly improved gut beneficial bacterial abundance, gut histology and related changes (colon mucin production, gut permeability) as compared to individual agents. It also prevented HFD-induced systemic and tissue inflammation, glucose intolerance and systemic obesity-associated metabolic changes in adipose tissue and liver. The combination of CRX and IMOs appeared more effective in the prevention of HFD-induced gut derangements. CONCLUSION: Combination of CRX and IMOs could be advantageous for normalization of metabolic alterations seen in diet-induced obesity via beneficial modulation of gastrointestinal health.
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