K Thom1, A Hanslik2, J L Russell3, S Williams4, P Sivaprakasam4, U Allen5, C Male2, L R Brandão6. 1. Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Children and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria. 2. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Children and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria. 3. Pediatric Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 4. Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 5. Infectious Disease, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 6. Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: leonardo.brandao@sickkids.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pediatric infective endocarditis (IE) has been associated with high morbidity and mortality, mostly related to thromboembolic complications (TEC). The objective of our study was to describe the experience in children with IE and to review the changes over a thirty-year period, regarding origin of IE, incidence of vegetations, TEC and their respective morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of children aged 0-18years with IE defined by the Duke Criteria and admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children, was conducted. Data were divided into three periods (P); P1 (1979-1988); P2 (1989-1998); and P3 (1999-2008). RESULTS: The study included 113 patients, median age 7yrs.; females: 46 (41%), congenital heart defects 95 (84%), comparable in all periods. Overall, cardiac vegetations were found in 68/113 patients (60%); large vegetations (≥1cm) in 32 patients (28%). Fourty-five (45/133 [40%]) TEC were documented, 22 patients (20%) developed cerebrovascular events (CVE) and 23 patients (20%) had non-CVE. Patients diagnosed during P3 were older, had more vegetations (p<0.05), and a higher incidence of community acquired-IE (p<0.05). Overall, mortality was 15%, comparable in all periods. Significant risk factors for mortality were vegetations (HR 6.44; 95% CI: 2.07-20.01, p=0.002) and heart failure (HR 28.39; 95% CI: 10.49-76.85, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Over the study period, we report a growing incidence of community acquired pediatric IE in older children accompanied by an increasing rate of TEC. Heart failure and vegetations were associated with an increased mortality. These preliminary data need to be confirmed by prospective data.
BACKGROUND:Pediatric infective endocarditis (IE) has been associated with high morbidity and mortality, mostly related to thromboembolic complications (TEC). The objective of our study was to describe the experience in children with IE and to review the changes over a thirty-year period, regarding origin of IE, incidence of vegetations, TEC and their respective morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of children aged 0-18years with IE defined by the Duke Criteria and admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children, was conducted. Data were divided into three periods (P); P1 (1979-1988); P2 (1989-1998); and P3 (1999-2008). RESULTS: The study included 113 patients, median age 7yrs.; females: 46 (41%), congenital heart defects 95 (84%), comparable in all periods. Overall, cardiac vegetations were found in 68/113 patients (60%); large vegetations (≥1cm) in 32 patients (28%). Fourty-five (45/133 [40%]) TEC were documented, 22 patients (20%) developed cerebrovascular events (CVE) and 23 patients (20%) had non-CVE. Patients diagnosed during P3 were older, had more vegetations (p<0.05), and a higher incidence of community acquired-IE (p<0.05). Overall, mortality was 15%, comparable in all periods. Significant risk factors for mortality were vegetations (HR 6.44; 95% CI: 2.07-20.01, p=0.002) and heart failure (HR 28.39; 95% CI: 10.49-76.85, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Over the study period, we report a growing incidence of community acquired pediatric IE in older children accompanied by an increasing rate of TEC. Heart failure and vegetations were associated with an increased mortality. These preliminary data need to be confirmed by prospective data.