Hajime Nakae1, Gaku Takahashi2, Ryo Sato2, Shigehiro Shibata2, Shigeatsu Endo2. 1. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Akita Japan. 2. Department of Critical Care Medicine School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University Morioka Japan.
Abstract
Aims: Kampo medicine is based on the use of established formulations combining natural extracts with no "brand-name" products or corresponding "generic" formulation. Due to differences in manufacturing practices, products of different pharmaceutical companies may contain different concentrations of β-d-glucan and endotoxins. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of β-d-glucan and endotoxins in five Kampo extracts from four pharmaceutical companies. Methods: Packages of Kampo extracts were dissolved in distilled water. β-d-Glucan and endotoxin concentrations were measured using high-sensitivity kinetic turbidimetric Limulus assay. Results: All Kampo extracts examined in this study were found to contain detectable concentrations of β-d-glucan and endotoxins. Significant differences in the concentration of β-d-glucan and endotoxins (P = 0.0024 and P = 0.0013, respectively) were observed between products of different pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions: High β-d-glucan and endotoxin contents were detected in Kampo extracts, with a large variability in the concentrations of both β-d-glucan and endotoxins among extracts from different pharmaceutical companies.
Aims: Kampo medicine is based on the use of established formulations combining natural extracts with no "brand-name" products or corresponding "generic" formulation. Due to differences in manufacturing practices, products of different pharmaceutical companies may contain different concentrations of β-d-glucan and endotoxins. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of β-d-glucan and endotoxins in five Kampo extracts from four pharmaceutical companies. Methods: Packages of Kampo extracts were dissolved in distilled water. β-d-Glucan and endotoxin concentrations were measured using high-sensitivity kinetic turbidimetric Limulus assay. Results: All Kampo extracts examined in this study were found to contain detectable concentrations of β-d-glucan and endotoxins. Significant differences in the concentration of β-d-glucan and endotoxins (P = 0.0024 and P = 0.0013, respectively) were observed between products of different pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions: High β-d-glucan and endotoxin contents were detected in Kampo extracts, with a large variability in the concentrations of both β-d-glucan and endotoxins among extracts from different pharmaceutical companies.
Entities:
Keywords:
Endotoxins; Japanese traditional herbal medicine; Kampo formulations; Limulus assay; β‐d‐glucans
Authors: T Mori; H Ikemoto; M Matsumura; M Yoshida; K Inada; S Endo; A Ito; S Watanabe; H Yamaguchi; M Mitsuya; M Kodama; T Tani; T Yokota; T Kobayashi; J Kambayashi; T Nakamura; T Masaoka; H Teshima; T Yoshinaga; S Kohno; K Hara; S Miyazaki Journal: Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem Date: 1997-07
Authors: Aaron S Kesselheim; Alexander S Misono; Joy L Lee; Margaret R Stedman; M Alan Brookhart; Niteesh K Choudhry; William H Shrank Journal: JAMA Date: 2008-12-03 Impact factor: 56.272