Lena Nenoff1, Marlen Priegnitz2, Guillaume Janssens3, Johannes Petzoldt3, Patrick Wohlfahrt4, Anna Trezza1, Julien Smeets3, Guntram Pausch4, Christian Richter5. 1. OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany. 2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany. 3. Ion Beam Applications SA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 4. OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany. 5. OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: christian.richter@oncoray.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A prompt-gamma imaging (PGI) slit-camera was recently applied successfully in clinical proton treatments using pencil beam scanning (PBS) and double scattering (DS). However, its full capability under clinical conditions has still to be systematically evaluated. Here, the performance of the slit-camera is systematically assessed in well-defined error scenarios using realistic treatment deliveries to an anthropomorphic head phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sensitivity and accuracy to detect introduced global and local range shifts with the slit-camera was investigated in PBS and DS irradiations. For PBS, measured PGI information of shifted geometries were compared spot-wise with un-shifted PGI information derived from either a reference measurement or a treatment-plan-based simulation. Furthermore, for DS and PBS the integral PGI signal of the whole field was evaluated. RESULTS: Deviations from the treatment plan were detected with an accuracy better than 2 mm in PBS. The PGI simulation accuracy was well below 1 mm. Interfractional comparisons are more affected by measurement noise. The field-integral PGI sum signal allows the detection of global shifts in DS. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of global and local range shifts under close-to-clinical conditions is possible with the PGI slit-camera. Especially for PBS, high sensitivity and high accuracy in shift detection were found.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A prompt-gamma imaging (PGI) slit-camera was recently applied successfully in clinical proton treatments using pencil beam scanning (PBS) and double scattering (DS). However, its full capability under clinical conditions has still to be systematically evaluated. Here, the performance of the slit-camera is systematically assessed in well-defined error scenarios using realistic treatment deliveries to an anthropomorphic head phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sensitivity and accuracy to detect introduced global and local range shifts with the slit-camera was investigated in PBS and DS irradiations. For PBS, measured PGI information of shifted geometries were compared spot-wise with un-shifted PGI information derived from either a reference measurement or a treatment-plan-based simulation. Furthermore, for DS and PBS the integral PGI signal of the whole field was evaluated. RESULTS: Deviations from the treatment plan were detected with an accuracy better than 2 mm in PBS. The PGI simulation accuracy was well below 1 mm. Interfractional comparisons are more affected by measurement noise. The field-integral PGI sum signal allows the detection of global shifts in DS. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of global and local range shifts under close-to-clinical conditions is possible with the PGI slit-camera. Especially for PBS, high sensitivity and high accuracy in shift detection were found.