Cornelia Brendle1, Matthias K Werner2, Maria Schmadl3, Christian la Fougère4, Konstantin Nikolaou3, Norbert Stefan5, Christina Pfannenberg3. 1. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. Electronic address: cornelia.brendle@med.uni-tuebingen.de. 2. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Stadtspital Triemli Zuerich, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, Zuerich, Switzerland. 3. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. 4. Nuclear Nedicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany. 5. Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity with different fat compartments of the body, body mass index (BMI), outdoor temperature, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, blood glucose, age, and sex in a large patient population using F-18-fluordesoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computer tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scans obtained under thermoneutral conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FDG-PET/CT scans of 4852 patients were retrospectively analyzed for BAT activity. The volumes of the different fat compartments visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), and liver fat, were assessed by computed tomography. Age, sex, TSH levels, blood glucose levels, BMI, primary disease, and the outdoor temperature were determined. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent relationships between the parameters. RESULTS: The VAT, SCAT, and liver fat content were lower in BAT-positive patients than in BAT-negative patients (each P < 0.0001). BAT-positive patients had a lower BMI (P < 0.0001) and were more often female (P < 0.0001), younger (P < 0.0001), and had higher TSH levels (P = 0.0002), whereas the outdoor temperature and the blood glucose level were not different compared to BAT-negative patients. Age, sex, VAT, and SCAT were independent factors related to BAT. CONCLUSIONS: Age, sex, and VAT are the most important determinants of BAT activity under thermoneutral conditions. VAT reflects the association between BAT activity and body fat mass more clearly than BMI. The strength of the association between VAT and BAT decreases during aging in men, but increases in women. This may indicate a different importance of BAT activity for obesity in men and in women.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity with different fat compartments of the body, body mass index (BMI), outdoor temperature, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, blood glucose, age, and sex in a large patient population using F-18-fluordesoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computer tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scans obtained under thermoneutral conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FDG-PET/CT scans of 4852 patients were retrospectively analyzed for BAT activity. The volumes of the different fat compartments visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), and liver fat, were assessed by computed tomography. Age, sex, TSH levels, blood glucose levels, BMI, primary disease, and the outdoor temperature were determined. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent relationships between the parameters. RESULTS: The VAT, SCAT, and liver fat content were lower in BAT-positive patients than in BAT-negative patients (each P < 0.0001). BAT-positive patients had a lower BMI (P < 0.0001) and were more often female (P < 0.0001), younger (P < 0.0001), and had higher TSH levels (P = 0.0002), whereas the outdoor temperature and the blood glucose level were not different compared to BAT-negative patients. Age, sex, VAT, and SCAT were independent factors related to BAT. CONCLUSIONS: Age, sex, and VAT are the most important determinants of BAT activity under thermoneutral conditions. VAT reflects the association between BAT activity and body fat mass more clearly than BMI. The strength of the association between VAT and BAT decreases during aging in men, but increases in women. This may indicate a different importance of BAT activity for obesity in men and in women.
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