Maria Carla Petrellis1, Lúcio Frigo2, Rodrigo Labat Marcos3, Rodney Capp Pallotta4, Maria Helena Catelli de Carvalho5, Marcelo Nicolás Muscará5, Durvanei Augusto Maria6, Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins7. 1. Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av. Lineu Prestes 2415, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; Nove de Julho University - UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235, São Paulo 01504-001, Brazil. Electronic address: petrellis@usp.br. 2. Cruzeiro do Sul University - UNICSUL, Av. Dr. Ussiel Cirilo 225, São Miguel Paulista, São Paulo 08060-070, Brazil. 3. Nove de Julho University - UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235, São Paulo 01504-001, Brazil. 4. Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av. Lineu Prestes 2415, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; Nove de Julho University - UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro 235, São Paulo 01504-001, Brazil. 5. Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av. Lineu Prestes 2415, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil. 6. Biochemistry and Biophysical Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantan, São Paulo 05599-000, Brazil. 7. Technological Research Center - NPT, Mogi das Cruzes University - UMC, Av. Candido Almeida de Xavier e Souza 200, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo 08780-911, Brazil.
Abstract
Laser photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is recognized worldwide for its expansive use in medicine. LLLT has been reported to increase enzymatic activity, increasing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, leading to an increased energy availability and signal transduction. Nevertheless, an inhibitory effect is also observed by the production of excessive ROS which can result the shutdown of mitochondrial energy production, and finally to apoptosis. However, the mechanism of apoptosis induced by LLLT is still not well understood. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that LLLT induces oxidative stress and stimulates the generation of pro-inflammatory markers interfering in tumor progression. METHODS: Seventy-two female Walker Tumor induced Wistar rats (eight weeks of age, 200g body weight) were used for this study. TW-256 cells were suspended in phosphate buffered saline and then subcutaneously inoculated at 1×107viabletumorcells/ml per rat into the right flank (tumor-bearing rats). After a period of 14days in order to assess the development of the solid tumor mass, the animals were randomized and distributed in four groups (n=8 animals/group): (1) Control or irradiated by LLLT (2) Laser 1J - 35,7J/cm2, (3) Laser 3J - 107,14J/cm2 and (4) Laser 6J - 214,28J/cm2; (Thera Laser - 660nm, 100mW DMC®, São Carlos, Brazil) at four equidistant points according to their respective treatment groups, conducted three times on alternate days. The regulation and expression of inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α was assessed by ELISA and gene expression of COX-1, COX-2, iNOS, eNOS was analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: We found that the 1Joule (J) treated group promoted a significant increase in the levels of different inflammatory markers IL-1β, the gene expression of COX-2, iNOS, which was statistically different (p<0.05) when compared among different treatment and control groups. With Respect IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels statistically significant reduce was observed in 1Joule treated group when comparing to different energies groups and control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the evidence 1J-35,7J/cm2 treatment was able to produce cytotoxic effects by generation of ROS causing acute inflammation and thus may be employed as the best energy dose associated with Photodynamic Therapy.
Laser photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is recognized worldwide for its expansive use in medicine. LLLT has been reported to increase enzymatic activity, increasing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, leading to an increased energy availability and signal transduction. Nevertheless, an inhibitory effect is also observed by the production of excessive ROS which can result the shutdown of mitochondrial energy production, and finally to apoptosis. However, the mechanism of apoptosis induced by LLLT is still not well understood. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that LLLT induces oxidative stress and stimulates the generation of pro-inflammatory markers interfering in tumor progression. METHODS: Seventy-two female Walker Tumor induced Wistar rats (eight weeks of age, 200g body weight) were used for this study. TW-256 cells were suspended in phosphate buffered saline and then subcutaneously inoculated at 1×107viabletumorcells/ml per rat into the right flank (tumor-bearing rats). After a period of 14days in order to assess the development of the solid tumor mass, the animals were randomized and distributed in four groups (n=8 animals/group): (1) Control or irradiated by LLLT (2) Laser 1J - 35,7J/cm2, (3) Laser 3J - 107,14J/cm2 and (4) Laser 6J - 214,28J/cm2; (Thera Laser - 660nm, 100mW DMC®, São Carlos, Brazil) at four equidistant points according to their respective treatment groups, conducted three times on alternate days. The regulation and expression of inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α was assessed by ELISA and gene expression of COX-1, COX-2, iNOS, eNOS was analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: We found that the 1Joule (J) treated group promoted a significant increase in the levels of different inflammatory markers IL-1β, the gene expression of COX-2, iNOS, which was statistically different (p<0.05) when compared among different treatment and control groups. With Respect IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels statistically significant reduce was observed in 1Joule treated group when comparing to different energies groups and control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the evidence 1J-35,7J/cm2 treatment was able to produce cytotoxic effects by generation of ROS causing acute inflammation and thus may be employed as the best energy dose associated with Photodynamic Therapy.
Authors: Guilherme Aparecido Monteiro Duque da Fonseca; Marcos Fernando Xisto Braga Cavalcanti; José Daniel de Souza Maior; Juliana da Silva Pereira; Leandro Augusto Pinto; Murilo Matias; Lucio Frigo Journal: Lasers Med Sci Date: 2022-01-14 Impact factor: 3.161
Authors: René-Jean Bensadoun; Joel B Epstein; Raj G Nair; Andrei Barasch; Judith E Raber-Durlacher; Cesar Migliorati; Marie-Thérèse Genot-Klastersky; Nathaniel Treister; Praveen Arany; Joy Lodewijckx; Jolien Robijns Journal: Cancer Med Date: 2020-10-26 Impact factor: 4.452