Application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the detection of metabolic disorders in patients with moderate kidney insufficiency.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major problems of modern medicine and a huge socioeconomic burden. Thorough knowledge of metabolic alterations associated with this condition is vital to prevent its progression. However, still little is known about metabolic disorders associated with CKD. In this study, we used 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to identify alterations in serum metabolites of patients with various stages of CKD. 1H NMR spectroscopy followed by multivariate analysis showed that CKD patients differed from the controls in terms of 15 endogenous metabolites, and MetPA analysis demonstrated significant intergroup differences in 5 potential target pathways and 14 metabolites. Owing a good performance of discriminant models, these findings suggest that CKD patients and healthy controls differ in terms of their metabolic fingerprints. In turn, the results of MetPA analysis imply that CKD and its progression exert an effect on selected metabolic pathways. This study provided a better insight into metabolic alterations associated with CKD, and identified some target pathways that can be potentially modified to slow down the progression of this serious and debilitating disease.