Tayyar Alp Ozkan1, Sefik Koprulu2, Ayhan Karakose3, Ozdal Dillioglugil4, Ibrahim Cevik2. 1. Department of Urology. Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital. Kocaeli. Turkey. 2. Department of Urology and Anesthesiology. YeniYuzyil University School of Medicine. Istanbul. Turkey. 3. Department of Urology. Izmir University. School of Medicine. Izmir. Turkey. 4. Department of Urology. Kocaeli University School of Medicine. Kocaeli. Turkey.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of pre-operative alprazolam medication on anxiety and pain in flexible cystoscopy for bladder cancer follow-up. METHODS: A total of 86 male patients who had flexible cystoscopy for bladder cancer follow-up at 6th and 9th months were included in the study. A visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used. The 6th (VAS-1)and 9th (VAS-2) month pain scores and 6th month STAI score (STAI-1) and, 9th month STAI score before (STAI-2a) and after alprazolam (0.5 mg) intake (STAI-2b) were compared. RESULTS: The mean age was 66.49±12.45 years. Patients were grouped by age≤65 (Group-1) and age≥66 (Group-2). Mean VAS score for VAS-1 and VAS-2 were 2.66±0.96 and 2.44±1.05, respectively (p=0.007). The mean VAS-1 and VAS-2 scores in Group 1 were 3.0±1.05 and 2.73±1.18, respectively (p=0.009). The mean VAS-1 and VAS-2 scores in Group 2 were 2.36±0.77 and 2.17±0.86 respectively (p=0.031). The differences between mean anxiety scores were all statistically significant. All STAI (1, 2a, and 2b) and VAS (1 and 2) scores in Group-1 were statistically significantly higher than Group-2. Increasing STAI score is associated with a statistically significant increase in the VAS scores in the 0.50 and 0.75 quantiles (p=0.021 and p=0.039, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Using alprazolam before flexible cystoscopy reduces both anxiety (STAI-1 vs STAI-2b) and pain (VAS-1 vs VAS-2). Previous cystoscopy experience reduces anxiety (STAI-2a vs. STAI-2b). Elderly patients have less anxiety and pain scores than younger patients in flexible cystoscopy.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of pre-operative alprazolam medication on anxiety and pain in flexible cystoscopy for bladder cancer follow-up. METHODS: A total of 86 male patients who had flexible cystoscopy for bladder cancer follow-up at 6th and 9th months were included in the study. A visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used. The 6th (VAS-1)and 9th (VAS-2) month pain scores and 6th month STAI score (STAI-1) and, 9th month STAI score before (STAI-2a) and after alprazolam (0.5 mg) intake (STAI-2b) were compared. RESULTS: The mean age was 66.49±12.45 years. Patients were grouped by age≤65 (Group-1) and age≥66 (Group-2). Mean VAS score for VAS-1 and VAS-2 were 2.66±0.96 and 2.44±1.05, respectively (p=0.007). The mean VAS-1 and VAS-2 scores in Group 1 were 3.0±1.05 and 2.73±1.18, respectively (p=0.009). The mean VAS-1 and VAS-2 scores in Group 2 were 2.36±0.77 and 2.17±0.86 respectively (p=0.031). The differences between mean anxiety scores were all statistically significant. All STAI (1, 2a, and 2b) and VAS (1 and 2) scores in Group-1 were statistically significantly higher than Group-2. Increasing STAI score is associated with a statistically significant increase in the VAS scores in the 0.50 and 0.75 quantiles (p=0.021 and p=0.039, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Using alprazolam before flexible cystoscopy reduces both anxiety (STAI-1 vs STAI-2b) and pain (VAS-1 vs VAS-2). Previous cystoscopy experience reduces anxiety (STAI-2a vs. STAI-2b). Elderly patients have less anxiety and pain scores than younger patients in flexible cystoscopy.